農民的農業價值轉化、再定義與實踐－以新竹二、三重埔土地徵收案為例

Abstract

1980年代開始，國家扶持高科技加工業的策略，讓新竹科學園區成為台灣產業轉型過程中的發展模範。此後，擴張科學園區等現代化的發展思維持續擴散到周邊的農鄉，新竹縣竹東鎮內的二、三重埔即在三十多年前就開始面臨土地徵收的威脅，至今徵收案變更成不同的名目，徵收威脅仍在。然而，過去倚賴農業收入的農鄉，隨著幾十年的社會變遷，已轉變成以工業為主、農業為輔的城鄉交界，當地農民如何應對土地徵收，如何認知在地的發展是個重要的課題。本研究以行動者網絡（ANT）的方式紀錄並探討自2010年6月苗栗大埔怪手挖田事件而起的「新農民運動」中，新竹縣竹東鎮的二重埔、三重埔內反對土地徵收的農民，如何在反新圈地運動的網絡中行動，並與網絡中的外來知識團體台灣農村陣線和其他行動者間形成「文化轉化（cultural translation）」、捲入更多支持反徵收的支持者。最後，反徵收農民過去隨著台灣農業發展逐漸工具化、逐利化的農業價值也在抗爭的過程中「再定義」，農民看見了農業的公共性價值，且在日常生活中的農業勞動和經營實踐中也有所轉變。在運動中看到農民的主體性和能動性是重要的，因為農民是與農業運動最切身相關的實踐者，因此他們過往所承襲的農業文化、傳統和生活記憶都會成為「文化轉化」中的要素，透過農民在農業生產上所做的品質轉向（quality turn）等實踐，也才能讓運動的內涵和意義透過實踐主體的實踐不斷堆疊、累加，成為有生命活力的動態網絡，也才能有效的進行基層動員。

Hsinchu Science Park has be seen as a kind of development model in the process of the industrial transformation in Taiwan under the strategy of supporting Hi-tech industry. From then on, rural area has confronted the crisis of urban expansion caused by the ideology of modernization. Small farmers, who live in Erchongpu and Sanchongpu in Hsinchu have already been threatened by land grabbing for thirty years and they are still suffering now. With the social change, the rural had transformed to be the suburb, which based on industrial rather than agricultural development. Therefore, the issues including the way local farmers react and respond land grabbing situation and their perception of local development are very significant. Our case study focuses on the action of farmers opposing land grabbing in Erchongpu and Sanchongpu, which belong to the “New Peasant Movement” against land-grabbing induced by the event of excavators destroying the rice fields in Dapu, Miaoli County, in June, 2010. Base on the Action Network Theory, this paper explores the action of farmers in the network of anti-land-grabbing and the process of “cultural translation” caused by the external intellectual-based organization, such as the Taiwan Rural Front, in which more supporters enrolled. In the end, the instrumentalizing and interest-pursuing value on agriculture have been “ re-defined”, through which the farmers realized the public value of agriculture and the practice of their daily faming changed. The subjectivity and agency of farmers in the movement is significant because of their close relationship with the movement as the practitioner. Thus the culture, tradition and the memory of farmers would be the element in the cultural translation. The meaning of the movement would be continually accumulating and become a vital network which could mobilize effectively through their practice.