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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 蔡詩偉(Shih-Wei Tsai) | |
dc.contributor.author | Hao-Yu Lu | en |
dc.contributor.author | 路皓宇 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-16T16:15:03Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2018-03-04 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2013-03-04 | |
dc.date.issued | 2012 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2013-02-06 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 1. Taiwan(R.O.C)EPA: The list of toxicants. 2009.
2. Bureau EC: European Union Risk Assessment Report 1,4-DIOXANE. In., vol. 21: Institute for Health and Consumer Protection; 2002. 3. Archuleta MM: Aqueous Foam Toxicology Evaluation and Hazard Review. In.: Sandia National Laboratories; 1995. 4. Thomas K. G. Mohr PG, E.G., H.G: 1,4-Dioxane and other Solvent Stablizers White Paper In.: Santa Clara Valley Water District; 2001. 5. Scheme NICNaA: 1,4-Dioxane Priority Existing Chemical No. 7. In.: National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme; 1998. 6. Agency USEP: TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEW OF 1,4-Dioxane. In.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 2010. 7. Young JD, Brauna WH, Gehringa PJ, Horvatha BS, R.L. Daniela b: 1,4-Dioxane and β-hydroxyethoxyacetic acid excretion in urine of humans exposed to dioxane vapors. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1976, 38(3):643-646. 8. War WJ: 1,4-dioxane Remediation Using a Constructed Wetland: ProQuest, UMI Dissertation Publishing; 2008. 9. Kano H, Umeda Y, Kasai T, Sasaki T, Matsumoto M, Yamazaki K, Nagano K, Arito H, Fukushima S: Carcinogenicity studies of 1,4-dioxane administered in drinking-water to rats and mice for 2 years. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 2009, 47(11):2776-2784. 10. ASTDR: Toxicological Profile for 1,4 Dioxane. In. Atlanta, GA, USA: Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine/Applied Toxicology Branch; 2012. 11. USDHHS: Report on Carcinogens. In., 12 edn: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service National Toxicology Program; 2011. 12. Fujiwara T, Tamada T, Kurata Y, Ono Y, Kose T, Ono Y, Nishimura F, Ohtoshi K: Investigation of 1,4-dioxane originating from incineration residues produced by incineration of municipal solid waste. Chemosphere 2008, 71(5):894-901. 13. Nakamura S, Daishima S: Simultaneous determination of 22 volatile organic compounds, methyl-tert-butyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin in water by headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta 2005, 548(1-2):79-85. 14. Fuh CB, Lai M, Tsai HY, Chang CM: Impurity analysis of 1,4-dioxane in nonionic surfactants and cosmetics using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 2005, 1071(1-2):141-145. 15. Ukai H IS, Takada S, Dendo J: Types of organic solvents used in small to medium-scale industries in Japan; a nationwide field survey. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1997, 70(6):385-392. 16. Hansen J, Schneider T, Ohsen JH, Laursen B: Availability of Data on Humans Potentially Exposed to Suspected Carcinogens in the Danish Working Environment. Pharmacol Toxicol 1993, 72(1):77-85. 17. BLACK RE, J.HURLEY F, C.HAVERY D: Occurrence of 1,4-Dioxane in Cosmetic Raw Materials and Finished Cosmetic Products. JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL 2001, 84(3):666-670. 18. NIOSH: NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM), DIOXANE: METHOD 1602. In., 4 edn: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); 1994. 19. NIOSH: NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM) TETRAHYDROFURAN: METHOD 1609. In., 4 edn: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); 1994. 20. NIOSH: NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM) DIOXANE: METHOD 1602. In., 4 edn: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); 1994. 21. NIOSH: NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM) ETHYLENE OXIDE: METHOD 3702. In., 4 edn: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); 1994. 22. NIOSH: NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM) TRICHLOROETHYLENE: METHOD 1022. In., 4 edn: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); 1994. 23. OSHA: Sampling and Analytical Methods: Method 1001 Tetrachloroethylene Trichloroethylene In.: Occupational Safety and Health Administration; 1999. 24. 行政院勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所: 採樣分析方法通則. 1995. 25. 行政院環保署: 環境檢驗方法偵測極限測定指引. In.: 行政院環境保護署; 2004. 26. 行政院勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所: 破出測試與樣品儲放穩定性測試. 1995. 27. GRODOWSKA K, PARCZEWSKI A: ORGANIC SOLVENTS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica- Drug Research 2010, 67(1):3-12. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/62922 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 1.4-二氧陸圜(1,4-dioxane)是一個被廣泛使用的化學物質;而近年來,美國環保署將其列為新興污染物。1.4-二氧陸圜可能散布於大氣、水、土壤中;在工業上,其可能用途包括: 纖維素及有機物之溶劑、塗料及清漆去除劑、紡織加工、染料盆、污點、印刷排字之潤濕劑及分散劑、清潔劑之製造、水泥、除臭劑、煙燻劑、乳化劑、光澤劑、含氯溶劑之安定劑、閃爍計數器、合成酸性染料、及合成原料藥等。
1,4-二氧陸圜的主要暴露途徑包括:吸入、食入及皮膚接觸。1,4-二氧陸圜暴露可能的健康危害包括:肝毒性、腎臟毒性、眼睛及呼吸道刺激等。此外,致癌性部份,美國政府工業師聯會American Conference of Governmental Hygienist (ACGIH)列為A3 (confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans)、美國環保署U.S Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA) 列為Group B2 (probable human carcinogen)、美國國家職業安全與衛生研究所The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 則列為potential occupational carcinogen。 在台灣,雖然1,4-二氧陸圜在2010年起已被禁用於化妝品之中,但歷年來國內二氧陸圜被大量地使用;而目前並無法清楚掌握主要暴露族群,同時亦不瞭解員工可能的暴露濃度與健康風險。 綜合上述,為評估國內二氧陸圜職業暴露的可能健康風險,本研究首先蒐集國內外1,4-二氧陸圜健康危害相關資訊。另外,本研究亦利用活性碳管搭配採樣幫浦建立1,4二氧陸圜、四氫呋喃、三氯乙烯及四氯乙烯等混存有機物的主動式空氣採樣方法;至於樣本分析,則利用CS2進行溶劑脫附後,藉由GC-FID或GC/MS分析。 本研究發現,以100mL/min採樣60min,可有效同步偵測濃度範圍介於0.5~2倍PEL的1,4二氧陸圜、四氫呋喃、三氯乙烯及四氯乙烯;在一般環境下,1,4二氧陸圜、四氫呋喃和四氯乙烯的調整後回收率約在90%到130之間,而三氯乙烯調整後回收率則是偏高。另外,濕度測試亦發現,在80%相對濕度時三氯乙烯的調整後回收率將明顯偏高,其他物質則不受影響。但至5倍PEL時(採樣體積為6L),則有破出發生。在16倍PEL時(採樣體積為6L),1,4二氧陸圜、三氯乙烯、四氫呋喃皆發生破出,只有四氯乙烯未達破出標準。 本研究應用所建立的方法,於兩家有申報運作的工廠進行空氣採樣(紡織業及合成纖維工廠);結果發現有四個點檢測出1,4-dioxane,而濃度為2.38~5.11ppm。 本研究建議未來應持續至包括:廢溶劑回收處理業、製藥生技產、塗料業或其他可能有二氧陸圜暴露的行業中進行空氣採樣與暴露評估,以保障相關工作者之健康;而由於1,4-dioxane具有自皮膚進入人體的可能,因此除了空氣採樣與分析外,建議未來亦可考慮建立生物偵測方法,以利評估更完整的暴露狀況。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | 1,4-Dioxane is a widespread chemical in our world. It has been considered as an emerging contaminant in these years, and it can be distributed into atmosphere, water and soil. In workplace, 1,4-dioxane is widely used in many manufacturing processes, such as stabilizer for chlorinated solvents, aircraft deicing fluids, dispersing agent in textile processes, polishing compounds, manufacturing detergents, varnishes and dyes.
The primary routes of potential human exposure to 1,4-dioxane are inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact. As for health effects, it may cause eye and nose irritation, even severe kidney and liver effects. It has been classified as a group 2B (possibly human) carcinogen by the IARC. In Taiwan, the use of 1,4-dioxane as cosmetics raw material has been banned since 2010. However, it is still widely used in many other manufactures while the information in the occupational settings is limited. Therefore, to assess the health risk associated with the use of 1,4-dioxane, this research has collected detailed information regarding the possible health effects due to the exposures of 1,4-dioxane. Besides, this research has also developed air sampling and analysis method for 1,4-dioxane with the co-exists of other organic compounds. By using charcoal tube coupled with sampling pump, it has been proved that chemicals including 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran (THF), trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (TetraCE) can be collected simultaneously. After sampling, CS2 was used for the desorption, followed by the analysis with GC-FID or GC/MS. It was found that sampling at 100mL/min for 60min, 0.5, 1 and 2 folds PELs of 1,4-dioxane, TCE, and TetraCE can be collected and the collection efficiencies are around 90-130%. Besides, when the relative humidity was 80%, the collection efficiencies of 1,4-dioxane, THF and TetraCE were ranged 90% to 130% under 0.5x PEL and 1x PEL level and the recovery of TCE also raised significantly. However, for THF, breakthrough occurred when the concentration reached 5 folds of PEL. When the concentration reached 16 folds of PEL, breakthrough occurred for 1,4-dioxane, TCE, THF except TetraCE. Air sampling of 1,4-dioxane, THF, TCE, TetraCE was performed at two factories. The concentration of each sampling point at B factory ranged from 2.38ppm to 5.11 ppm. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-16T16:15:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-101-R99844006-1.pdf: 1129179 bytes, checksum: f4eeb01170262dc026a2590a6c98db0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 摘要 i
Abstract iii CONTENTS vi TABLE OF FIGURES x LIST OF TABLES xi I. Introduction 1 1.1 Research Background 1 1.2 Literature Review 1 1.2.1 Properties 1 1.2.2 Toxicology and Metabolism 2 1.2.3 Health effect 3 1.2.4 Carcinogenicity 3 1.2.5 Environmental monitoring data 3 1.2.6 Drinking water standard 5 1.2.7 Surveys in occupational settings 5 1.2.8 Exposure guidelines in occupational settings 6 1.2.9 1,4-Dioxane issue in Taiwan 6 II. Research Objective and Structure 7 2.1 Research Objectives 7 2.2 Research Scheme 8 III. Materials and Methods 9 3.1 Experimental Materials 9 3.2 Sampling Method for Airborne 1,4-Dioxane, TCE, TetraCE and THF 10 3.2.1 Charcoal tube 11 3.2.2 Sampling system 11 3.3 Validation of Method 11 3.3.1 Sampling bag 11 3.3.2 Zero air generator 12 3.3.3 Preparing standard tested gas in sampling bag 12 3.3.4 Desorption efficiency test 13 3.3.5 Breakthrough test 13 3.3.6 Method detection limit 14 3.3.7 Stability of concentration in sampling bag 15 3.3.8 Sample stability test 16 3.4 Analysis of 1,4-dioxane, TCE, TetraCE and THF 16 3.4.1 Desorption of charcoal tube 16 3.4.2 Gas Chromatography (GC) 17 IV. Field Study 18 4.1 Sampling Strategy 18 4.1.1 Choosing Factories as the study subjects 18 4.1.2 Choosing sampling sites 18 4.2 Preparation for Sampling 19 4.3 A factory (Textile industry) 19 4.4 B factory (Semiconductor industry) 20 V. Results and Discussion 21 5.1 Calibration Curve 21 5.2 Desorption Efficiency (DE) Test 22 5.3 Sampling Method Test 23 5.4 Sampling Method Test at High RH (80%) 23 5.5 Breakthrough Test 24 5.6 Method detection limit (MDL) 25 5.7 Stability of Concentration in Sampling Bag 26 5.8 Samples stability test 27 5.9 Field Sampling 28 5.9.1 A factory 28 5.9.2 B factory 28 5.9.3 Strategies of choosing sampling sites 29 5.10 limitations 30 VI. Conclusion 31 VII. References 33 | |
dc.language.iso | en | |
dc.title | "1,4-二氧陸圜空氣採樣分析方法建立與台灣職業暴露初探" | zh_TW |
dc.title | Determinations of Airborne 1,4-Dioxane in Occupational Settings in Taiwan | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 101-1 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 林嘉明(Chia-Ming Lin),陳美蓮(Mei-Lien Chen) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 1,4-二氧陸圜,職業場所,空氣採樣,活性碳管,氣相層析質譜儀, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | 1,4-dioxane,Occupational settings,Air sampling,Charcoal tube,GC/MS, | en |
dc.relation.page | 62 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2013-02-06 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 公共衛生學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 環境衛生研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 環境衛生研究所 |
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