應用於染料敏化太陽能電池及有機太陽能電池之小分子及高分子材料的設計與合成

Abstract

在過去的一二十年間，日益增加的能源需求以及對於全球暖化的關注正促使不污染環境的再生能源的發展，利用光伏打科技將太陽能轉換為電力提供一個永續的方法來解決上述議題。相較於目前市場上為主的矽基太陽能電池，染料敏化太陽能電池和有機太陽能電池都被視為其高度有希望以及經濟合算的替代物。 此論文敘述我在設計與合成應用於染料敏化太陽能電池及有機太陽能電池之小分子及高分子材料上的研究工作，主要著重於探討化學結構和物理性質之間的關係，以及此關係和元件表現之間的關聯。其整體架構如下，第一章簡略地綜述共軛芳香系統能隙的操縱；第二章論及三系列應用於染料敏化太陽能電池的有機染料分子的設計、合成及鑑定；第三章敘述八個應用於蒸鍍型有機太陽能電池的小分子予體材料，其合成、物理性質以及光伏打性能會被詳述；第四章敘述兩個p-型共軛高分子的合成、光電鑑定及其作為濕式製程高分子塊材異質接面太陽能電池中的予體材料的表現。此外，在第二、第三和第四章的開頭部分會各自地介紹目前最先進的應用於染料敏化太陽能電池的光敏分子以及應用於有機太陽能電池的小分子和高分子予體材料。

Increasing energy demands and concerns about global warming have been driving a great need to develop environmentally friendly renewable energy resources in the past few decades. Conversion of solar energy into electricity via photovoltaic technologies provides a sustainable approach to addressing these issues. Both dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and organic solar cells (OSCs) have been regarded as highly promising and cost-effective alternatives to the market dominant silicon-based counterparts. This dissertation describes my research efforts in the design, synthesis, and characterization of small-molecule and polymeric materials for DSSCs and OSCs, with the focus on the exploration of structure–property relationships and their correlations to device performance. It is organized as follows. Chapter 1 gives a brief overview of bandgap engineering of pi-conjugated aromatic systems. Chapter 2 deals with the design principles, synthesis, and characterization of three series of organic sensitizers as well as their application in DSSCs. Chapter 3 describes eight small-molecule donor materials for use in vacuum-deposited OSCs. Their synthesis, physical properties, and photovoltaic performance are discussed. Chapter 4 describes the synthesis and optoelectronic characterization of two p-type conjugated polymers as well as their use as donors in solution-processed polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells. Furthermore, a short summary of state-of-the-art photosensitizers for DSSCs as well as molecular donors and polymeric donors for OSCs is respectively presented in the beginning of Chapter 2, 3, and 4.