溫室氣體抵換專案導入能源技術服務商業模式之研究—以綠島採用LED路燈為例

Abstract

近年來，由於石化燃料的大量使用以及溫室氣體的急遽增加，世界各國開始重視環保與氣候變遷等議題；更由於能源價格的升高，導致發電成本的增加；而在綠色能源尚未廣泛運用情況下，政府也積極推動節能減碳政策。為因應以上現況，能源技術服務業 (Energy Service Company, ESCO) 衍生而出，期能協助政府與能源用戶規劃並推動節能工作，該產業所倡導的節能商業模式分成節能效益分享型(Shared Savings Contract )與節能量保證型(Guaranteed Savings Contract)兩種，如何因應能源用戶現況，選擇合適的節能模式，是一項重要的議題。 由於台灣離島的發電成本遠高於台灣本島，因此從離島著手進行節能是一例即有效的途徑。隨著政府近年所推動將傳統水銀路燈汰換為LED路燈的計畫，本研究以綠島路燈節能為例，首先計算民國100年度綠島CO2電力排放係數，接著考量建置成本、維護費用、碳交易獲利、政府補助與否等多項因素，分析前述節能效益分享型與節能量保證型其各自之回收年限 (Payback Period, PP) 與投資報酬率 (Return on Investment, ROI)；另外也就台灣電力公司、能源技術服務公司以及綠島鄉公所三個不同角色，分別探討不同情境下各自能選擇之適當節能商業模式與節能策略。 本研究最後根據環保署於民國99年9月10日所公告之溫室氣體抵換專案(Offset Project)，以綠島路燈節能工程為案例，示範提出一抵換專案，其中特別考量節能工程所採用之減量方法以及外加性分析是否符合環保署的規定，做為往後申請碳權之可行性評估。

Due to extensive usage of fossil fuels and soaring emissions of greenhouse gases, rising global temperature has aggravated the climate change and made nations worldwide focus on issues concerning environmental protection. Since skyrocketing energy prices began to cause a gradual increase in electricity generation costs in recent years, the government has also begun to proactively promote the energy conservation and carbon deduction policies. In response to the above crises, the concept of energy service company (ESCO) has been developed for the purpose of devising energy saving projects for both the government and energy users. However, it is a rather crucial issue of how to consider the current circumstances and choose the most desirable one from various energy saving models. As the cost of energy generation is much higher on the outlying islands than that of Taiwan, it would be an effective approach to launch energy saving programs on those outlying islands. With the government proactively promoting the project of replacing mercury-containing lamps with LED lamps in recent years, this thesis takes the example of energy-efficient street lighting system on Taiwan's Green Island. First, the CO2 electricity emission factor of Green Island is estimated and calculated. Afterwards, two performance contracts frequently adopted by ESCO namely “shared savings contract” and “guaranteed savings contract” are considered and analyzed respectively, in consideration of various factors. Their payback periods and returns on investment are obtained. Finally, from different perspectives of Taipower Company, energy service company and Green Island county government, choices of desirable energy saving contracts under various circumstances are found and compared. In response to the Greenhouse Gas Offset Project announced recently by the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) of Taiwan, the present thesis also considers the above LED-lamp replacement project as an example. The purpose is to illustrate step by step the way to prepare a written proposal and examine whether the greenhouse-gas reduction amount of the project meets the requirement of EPA.