類書知識分類變化之自動分析與討論 以《藝文類聚》與《太平御覽》為例

Abstract

《藝文類聚》與《太平御覽》是中國古代兩部重要的類書，成書年代分處於唐初與宋初，兩部類書皆是當代規模最龐大的類書。因其收錄許多書籍的內容，因此兩部類書皆廣被用於校閱或輯逸，歷年來對於《藝文類聚》與《太平御覽》的研究大多是與校閱或輯逸相關，但《藝文類聚》與《太平御覽》的價值並不僅此而已。兩部類書成書時間分處不同的時空背景，其收錄的內容與編排方式一定程度的反映出當時人們對於知識的概念與看法，對於想研究古代知識結構的研究者來說，《藝文類聚》與《太平御覽》都是非常好的研究材料。 從類書的角度來看，類書分類架構某種層面上代表著當代人們對於世上事物的概念，若從同樣一條知識在不同時代下的類書分類架構的變化來觀察，那或許就能看出知識在各個朝代的知識概念中的演進變化。藉由資訊的協助，進行類書內文條目的交叉比對，如此便能觀察同一條知識在不同類書中的分類位置，也可為類書研究提供更多討論的空間。本文的重點即在針對《藝文類聚》與《太平御覽》中的引書條目做自動化比對，藉由自動的比對找出《藝文類聚》與《太平御覽》共同擁有的知識引文，繼而由這些共有的條目，以另一個角度看待《藝文類聚》與《太平御覽》，找出以往以人力無法發現的問題。 本文第二章將介紹《藝文類聚》與《太平御覽》內文引文出處的整理，第三章將介紹兩類書中引書條目的自動化比對，而第四、五章則是介紹以系統呈現自動化比對兩類書後的結果，以及相關的問題討論與研究。

Leishu (類書) is a unique form of ancient Chinese reference books that seem to have no counterpart in the western civilization. The original purpose of leishu was to provide quick reference to ancient texts. Therefore a leishu usually contains two parts, a knowledge structure and a large number of quoted texts from older books. Among the most important leishu are Yiwenleiju (藝文類聚) and Taipingyulan (太平御覽), produced, respectively, in 624AD (early Tan Dynasty) and 977AD (early Sung Dynasty). Since many of the sources, more than 1,000 in each book, quoted in the two books no longer exist, Yiwenleiju and Taipingyulan have been used for collecting texts of lost books. The knowledge structure of a leishu reveals how the people of its time view the world. By observing the changes in citations, we can have a glimpse of the evolution of a concept between the two era. In this thesis we have developed a procedure to process the quoted texts in a leishu, and a way to compare similar texts in the two books. We have also built a search and retrieval system with which one can observe the differences both in the knowledge structure and the texts of Yiwenleiju and Taipingyulan.