新技術應用在電子廢棄物回收的商業模式研究

Abstract

我國已經是全球最大的電子產品的生產國和消費國，互聯網、物聯網以及電子支付的飛速發展，電子產品包括電視、電腦、手機、移動穿戴設備等已經成為普羅大眾的生活必需品，同時快速的產品反覆運算造成電子廢棄物大量產生，但是電子廢棄物的回收遠遠沒有跟上快速發展的腳步。從環境保護和資源再利用的角度來看，電子廢棄物的回收再利用正在成為我國平衡經濟發展與環境保護的一項新的嚴峻課題，同時電子廢棄物中含有大量可利用的材料，對比天然原礦來說，電子廢棄物部分貴重金屬的富礦，電子廢棄物的回收已經發展成為資源化產業。目前電子回收行業製造商、零售商和專業的回收機構是回收市場的主體，在回收行業也誕生了很多有活力的企業，回收方式是通過線上和線下兩種方式，政府每年有配套的電子回收行業補貼資金和政策，但是基於發佈的行業資料來看，我國電子廢棄物的回收率處於一個較低的水準，遠低於國際先進水準。 本文通過研究目前電子廢棄物回收行業狀況，通過分析回收過程中各環節的訴求，探究其回收率低的根源，基於現代物流系統以及互聯網和物聯網思維，考慮企業的社會責任，回收利用企業的動力，消費者的參與回收的意願，在不提高政府補貼情況下，提出可提高電子廢棄物回收率。利用管理學理論評估和驗證，提出利用新技術提高電子廢棄物回收效率的可實施的商業模型。

China has become the world's largest producer and consumer of electronic products. With the blooming development of Internet, Internet of things and electronic payment, electronic products, including TV, computer, mobile phone, mobile wearable equipment, have become the necessities of life for the general public. At the same time, rapid product iteration results in many electronic wastes, but the recycling of electronic waste is far from keeping up with the pace of rapid development. From the perspective of environmental protection and resource re-use, the recycling and reuse of electronic waste is becoming a new and serious issue of balancing economic development and environmental protection in China. At the same time, electronic waste contains a lot of available materials. Compared with natural raw ore, electronic waste is rich in some precious metals, and the recycling of electronic waste has developed into resource-based production industry. At present, manufacturers, retailers and professional recycling institutions in the electronic recycling industry are the main body of the recycling market. There are also many dynamic enterprises in the recycling industry. The recycling methods are online and offline. The government has supporting incentive funds and policies for the electronic recycling industry every year. However, based on the published industry data, the recycling rate of electronic waste in China is in a lower level, and far below the international advanced level. This paper studies the current situation of E-waste recycling industry, analyzes the demands of various parties in the recycling process, explores the root cause of its low recovery rate. Based on the modern logistics system and the Internet of things thinking, the writer considered the social responsibility of enterprises, the power of recycling enterprises, the willingness of consumers to participate in recycling, and proposes that it can be improved without increasing government subsidies recovery rate of electronic waste. Based on the evaluation and verification of management theory, the writer proposed a feasible business model to improve the recycling efficiency of E-waste by using new technology.