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標題: | 以自我曼陀羅模型探討大學生的關係自主整合歷程 The Development of Relating Autonomy Among College Students: The Mandala Model of Self Approach |
作者: | Yi Cheng 鄭怡 |
指導教授: | 葉光輝(Kuang-Hui Yeh) |
關鍵字: | 自我曼陀羅模型,關係自主,整合歷程,契合性, Mandala model of self,relating autonomy,integrating process,Confucianist self-cultivation,Taoist self-cultivation, |
出版年 : | 2021 |
學位: | 博士 |
摘要: | 如何能夠在看似衝突的關係和諧與個體自主需求之間達到無礙的整合?這對西方人看似不可能的兩難,但高關係自主者不僅無此困境,甚至能夠有效整合這相互矛盾的力量。對此整合歷程,本研究以自我曼陀羅模型提出系統性的分析與探究。本文共進行四個獨立研究來探究自我曼陀羅模型對個體之關係自主發展的影響效果,其中,研究一立基於儒家的修養觀,對自我曼陀羅模型之「人-個體」軸線,以基本心理需求滿足來反映個體自身的狀態,以關愛目標代表人的社會理想一端;在「知識-行動」軸線上以中庸思維作為傳統智慧之引導,在行動面向則以正念覺察作為行動實踐的基礎。研究二立基於道家的去執著觀,對「人-個體」軸線,以家庭融合來反映個體的自我賦權,以真誠性代表人追求自在的理想;在「知識-行動」軸線上採取「去我執」的智慧思維以產生最大的行為彈性,在行動這端則是以「感恩」來取得和合圓融的平衡。研究三綜合研究一與研究二的理念,進行模擬情境實驗研究,設計出內外壓力與內在壓力兩種衝突情境,以及先退後進與先進後退兩種整合策略,並檢驗內外壓力情境需以先退後進,而內在壓力需以先進後退之整合策略較能有效達成關係自主之契合性假設。研究結果支持契合性假設。研究四改善研究三之實驗設計,並重複驗證了契合性假設。綜合而言,本論文指出關係自主是在關係中完整,其核心發展在於透過傳統智慧來達成個人開放接納經驗的轉化,並藉以達成在人際互動間更具圓融的自主發展。本論文的主要貢獻在於對自主性提出文化反思,並比對儒家之修養觀與道家去執著觀在關係衝突整合的實踐,以陰陽進退的理念來描述華人達成自主性的特色。 How is it possible to integrate the seemly conflicts between the need for autonomy and relational harmony in parent-child relationships? It seems that there would be a natural conflict between authoritative parenting and personal autonomy in most Asian cultures. However, relating autonomy provides a possibility of resolving this conflict. That is, people with high relating autonomy not only minimize this conflict but also effectively integrate these two seemingly conflicting forces to facilitate their relationships and personal well-being. Past research in relating autonomy, however, has not yet fully described the psychological mechanism of how relating autonomy turns conflicts into empowerment. The current research adopts the Mandala model of self to systematically analyze the possible mechanisms. The Mandala model proposed that when people face a hard conflict between personal psychological need and socially desirable role, they would search for their cultural wisdom and the related action plan. Accordingly, in study 1, we adopted a Confucianism based Mandala model which emphasized the self-cultivation effort in relationships. We used basic psychological needs and compassionate goal to represent the two ends of the 'person-individual' dimension. Also, ZongYong thinking style and mindfulness were used to indicate the two ends of the 'knowledge-action' dimension. In study 2, we adopted another approach of Chinese wisdom based on Taoism. Accordingly, we revised the indices to represent the structure of the Mandala model of self. Among the 'person-individual' dimension, family fusion was used to represent individual’s self-empowerment. Also, authenticity was used to indicate the internal easiness. For the 'knowledge-action' dimension, we hypothesized that non-attachment thinking would maximize psychological flexibility on the side of knowledge and gratitude resolves the pain the endurance on the side of action. Both studies supported the Mandala model of self in the process of promoting relating autonomy. Study 3 and study 4 used simulated situations to test the hypothesis derived from the previous two studies. Two conflict modes are proposed where internal-external conflict represents one’s own needs conflict with external demand, whereas internal conflict represents the inconsistencies between one’s own valued needs. A “fit’ hypothesis was proposed where I predicted that Confucianist self-cultivation practices are effective in resolving internal-external conflict whereas Taoist self-cultivation practices are better for solving internal value conflicts. The results fully supported the “fit” hypothesis. The current research provided an insightful framework to understand the way Chinese people completed autonomy inside of their close relationships not outside of it. One major contribution of the current is to show that both the Confucianist and Taoist wisdoms are very popular in Chinese culture and they both shares a core mechanism of excising Yin and Yang in conflict resolution. Yin gives the capability of stepping backward for awareness and Yang provides energetic transformations. The balance between stepping forward and backward turns conflicts into harmonious blending. Another major contribution of the current study is the demonstration that the Mandala model of self provides a powerful theoretical framework to understand how cultural knowledge could be implemented along with actions to resolve conflicts at the time of cultural changes. Some limitations of the current study and implications for future research are also discussed. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/62404 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202100804 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 心理學系 |
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