從居民觀點探討如何推動高層集合住宅地震災害之管理

Abstract

面對日益高層化、高密度的居住形態，居民如何應對台灣因位於環太平洋地震帶而地震活動頻繁的潛在威脅，是都市居住安全的一項重要議題。因此本研究運用災害管理的概念，透過訪談與問卷調查四個面向：地震災害風險知覺、地震防救災知識與技能、地震災害防救參與意願，以及社區管理組織的實際行動。以瞭解影響社區執行地震災害防救的原因，從居民觀點探討如何推動高層集合住宅社區進行地震災害管理。 研究發現，不只住戶忽視社區的地震災害風險，高層集合住宅的減災、整備執行現況也缺乏地震災害內容、相關宣導教育與演練，導致住戶對於地震災害「缺乏風險知覺」，而忽視地震災害的潛在威脅。即使社區開始重視到地震災害的防救議題，也因缺乏相關的知識與技能而「不知道如何進行、採取什麼措施」，使社區在執行上成效有限，無法彰顯地震災害減災、整備的重要性與培養住戶對地震災害風險的正確認知，此惡性循環成為難以推動地震災害管理的主因。 為推動高層集合住宅地震災害管理，第一步須先增進鄰里關係與管理委員會之間的互動，並透過體驗地震震度、參考其他社區的受災經驗建立住戶對於地震災害風險的正確認知，以改善現代社區普遍對於公共事務缺乏參與意願與行動力的情況。其次，由管理委員會與專業物業管理公司分別負責教育住戶與總幹事關於地震災害防救的知識與技能，強化社區整體的地震災害防救能力。此外，透過修正消防與建築管理法規內容與調整社區制度，加強考量地震災害特性與增加對於社區減災、整備措施的法定強制力。

As increasingly high rise and high-density residential patterns, it’s an important issue of urban residential security that householders how to deal with the potential threat of earthquake disaster owing to Taiwan in the Circum-Pacific seismic zone. Therefore, this study used the concept of disaster management, through interviews and questionnaires to research four regions: Earthquake disaster risk perception, earthquake disaster prevention knowledge and skills, willingness to participate in earthquake disaster prevention and relief, and actions of community management organizations. The target is research into the reasons for the effect on the community earthquake disaster prevention and relief, in order to explore how to promote earthquake disaster management of high rise condominiums from the perspective of householders. The findings indicate that not only householders ignore the community earthquake disaster risk but also lack for earthquake disaster content, education, and training of community disaster mitigation and preparedness. As a result, householders 'lack for risk perception', ignore potential threat of earthquake disaster. And without relevant knowledge and skills, even if the communities begin to focus on earthquake disaster prevention issues, they still 'do not know how to conduct, what measures.' Therefore, communities have limited success in enforcement. The difficulty of implement result in householders don’t realize that the importance of earthquake disaster mitigation and preparedness, lacking correct understanding of earthquake risk. Because of the vicious circle, it is hard to conduct actions of earthquake disaster mitigation and preparedness in high rise condominiums. For promoting earthquake disaster management of high rise condominiums, the first step is to change the situation that modern communities in general lack for willingness to participate in public affairs and actions through promoting neighborhood relationships and interactions in community management organizations, and establishing the correct understanding of earthquake risk for householders by means of experiencing earthquake intensity and referring to disaster areas experience. Secondly, through community management organizations and professional property managements respectively instruct householders and administrative personnel in earthquake disaster prevention knowledge and skills to improve community’s earthquake disaster prevention capabilities. Furthermore, amending fire and building regulations and adjusting community systems to strengthen earthquake disaster characteristics and increase legal enforcement for community earthquake disaster mitigation and preparedness measures.