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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 王致恬 | |
| dc.contributor.author | Shao-Yen Kao | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 高韶巖 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-16T13:31:09Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2018-07-26 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2013-07-26 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2013 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2013-07-21 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | Ackman, J.B., Burbridge, T.J., and Crair, M.C. (2012). Retinal waves coordinate patterned activity throughout the developing visual system. Nature 490, 219-225.
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/62161 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 雙眼視覺神經發育過程中，視覺神經網路修飾需要在視網膜引發的一系列規律性、自發性的放電反應，稱之為「視網膜波」。視網膜波在發育的關鍵期（大鼠為出生後四天到八天）會影響到視網膜節細胞的軸突投射到腦區，而形成雙眼視野分離的現象。在大鼠出生剛出生到出生後的第九天，視網膜波的調控是由一群突觸前細胞（星狀無軸突細胞）釋放出乙醯膽鹼到突觸後的視網膜節細胞，此時期稱為第二期視網膜波。因此，改變星狀無軸突細胞的釋放機制可以調控第二期視網膜波。 Synaptotagmin （Syt） 家族是一種鈣離子感應蛋白，可以引發鈣離子調節的胞吐作用來影響神經傳導物質的釋放。目前為止Syt家族總共發現有17種不同的isoforms。先前的研究得知，Syt I在第二期視網膜波時期，可透過其 C2AB Domain 和鈣離子結合，正向地調控視網膜波。然而，在第二期視網膜波中，其他 Syt isoforms在視網膜內表現的情形和功能至今並不清楚。在本研究中，我們偵測 Syt isoforms （Syt I, III, IV） 在發育的視網膜以及視神經中的時空表現模式，以進而探討其在視網膜發育過程中可能的功能。研究結果發現，在視網膜發育過程中， Syt I 在視網膜內側以及視神經中的表現相對穩定，而 Syt III 在形成視野分離的關鍵時期中，於視網膜內側以及視神經中的表現模式和表現量會隨著發育過程有顯著性的變化。因此，我們專一研究 Syt III 是否會調控視網膜波；利用分子干擾技術以及活細胞鈣離子顯像技術，我們可以瞭解 Syt III 在視網膜波中所扮演的角色。藉由去測量與視網膜波相關的鈣離子流的性質，我們發現，在突觸前星狀無軸突細胞或突觸後視網膜節細胞內大量表現 Syt III都會讓視網膜波的鈣離子流的頻率顯著增加。此外，在突觸後視網膜節細胞內大量表現 Syt III 會減弱鈣離子流在細胞之間傳遞的同步性；相反的，減少Syt III 在視網膜節細胞的表現可以增加空間傳遞的同步性質。因此，我們的研究結果顯示，在發育大鼠的視網膜中，Syt III可分別在突觸前星狀無軸突細胞以及突觸後視網膜節細胞，不同地調控第二期視網膜波的時間與空間性質；因此，Syt III可能在視野分離中扮演重要的角色。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | Binocular visual circuit refinement requires a robust patterned spontaneous activity in the developing retina, termed as retinal waves. During the developmental critical period (P4 - P8 in rodent), retinal waves modulate the axon projection of retinal output neurons (retinal ganglion cells, RGCs) to their central brain targets, so visual circuits can be refined as eye-specific segregation. In postnatal rodent (P0 - P9), retinal waves are initiated via a subset of interneurons (starburst amacrine cells, SACs) releasing acetylcholine (ACh) onto postsynaptic RGCs (so-called stage-II waves). Therefore, altering the releasing mechanism in presynaptic SACs can modulate stage-II waves. Synaptotagmin (Syt) family serves as a Ca2+ sensor during Ca2+-regulated exocytosis to mediate neurotransmitter release. To date, more than seventeen Syt isoforms have been discovered. Our previous study has shown that Syt I positively regulates stage-II waves by Ca2+ binding to its C2AB domains. However, the expression and function of other Syt isoforms remain elusive during stage-II waves. In the study, we investigated the spatiotemporal expression pattern of Syt isoforms (I, III and IV) in the developing rat retina and optic nerve, in order to explore their possible functions during development. We found that distinct from Syt I, Syt III was expressed in a unique pattern in inner retinas and optic nerves, and the expression levels were dramatically increased during the period of eye-specific segregation. Thus, we focused on the role of Syt III in regulating retinal waves. Whole-mount rat retinas (P0 - P2) were transfected with the DNA vectors carrying Syt III or antisense-Syt III in presynaptic SACs or RGCs. Control was the vector carrying the transfection marker EGFP. By measuring the Ca2+ transients associated with retinal waves, we found that the Ca2+ transient frequency was significantly increased by Syt III overexpression in either SACs or RGCs compared to control. Moreover, the spatial correlation of retinal waves was dampened by Syt III overexpression in RGCs but not in SACs, whereas Syt III knockdown in RGCs increased the spatial correlation. Thus, our results suggest that Syt III may differentially regulate the temporal and spatial properties of stage-II waves via SACs or RGCs in the developing rat retina. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-16T13:31:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-102-R00b43013-1.pdf: 15797592 bytes, checksum: bcbde0a562736e67d854d6718205b14c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 國立臺灣大學（碩）博士學位論文口試委員會審定書 i
Acknowledgements ii 中文摘要 iv Abstract vi Abbreviations viii Contents xi Chapter I 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Development of the Nervous System 1 1.2 Organization of the visual system 1 1.3 The structure of retinas 2 1.4 Visual transduction 3 1.5 Patterned spontaneous activity 4 1.6 Retinal waves 4 1.7 Eye-specific segregation 5 1.8 Synaptic transmission 6 1.9 Synaptotagmins 7 1.10 Synaptotagmin III 9 Objectives of the study 11 Chapter II 14 Materials and Methods 14 2.1 Animals 14 2.2 Vector construction and subcloning 14 2.3 Dissections of retinas and optic nerves 17 2.4 Retinal explant culture 18 2.5 In vitro electroporation 19 2.6 Antibodies 19 2.7 Immunofluorescence 20 2.8 Ca2+ imaging 23 2.9 Data analysis of Ca2+ imaging 25 2.10 Statistics 26 Chapter III 27 Results 27 3.1 The Syt isoforms were expressed with distinct patterns in the developing rat retinas. 27 3.2 The Syt isoforms were expressed with distinct patterns in the developing rat optic nerves. 29 3.3 The Syt isoforms were localized to RGCs axons. 30 3.4 Syt III and Syt IV were partially localized to Syt I. 31 3.5 Syt III increased the frequency of Ca2+ transients associated with retinal waves.. 32 3.6 Presynaptic Syt III increased the frequency of Ca2+ transients associated with retinal waves. 35 3.7 The Brn3b promoter can target gene expression specifically to RGCs. 39 3.8 Postsynaptic Syt III increased the frequency and altered the spatial property of Ca2+ transients associated with retinal waves 40 Chapter IV 45 Discussion 45 4.1 The expression patterns of Syt isoforms in the developing rat optic nerves 45 4.2 The spatial expression patterns of Syt isoforms in the developing rat inner retinas. 46 4.3 The temporal expression patterns of Syt isoforms in the developing rat retina 47 4.4 Comparison of the expression patterns in inner retinas and optic nerves for Syt isoforms during development. 48 4.5 The distribution patterns of Syt III and IV in the developing rat optic nerves 48 4.6 Distinct expression patterns of Syt IV in the developing and adult rat retinas. 49 4.7 The functional role of Syt III in retinal waves. 50 4.7.1 The functional role of Syt III in presynaptic SACs 51 4.7.2 The functional role of Syt III in postsynaptic RGCs. 51 4.8 The characteristics of Ca2+ transients are not affected by molecular manipulations with different promoters. 52 Chapter V 55 Conclusion 55 References 56 Fig. 1 The structure of eye ball and retina 70 Fig. 2 Visual transduction pathway and projection. The primate visual pathways from the retina to the central visual targets. 71 Fig. 3 Illustration of Retinal waves 72 Fig. 4 Illustration of eye-specific segregation 74 Fig. 5 SNARE complex and Synaptotagmin III 76 Fig. 6 Syt isoforms express in RGCs soma during developing 78 Fig. 7 Syt isforms express in retina during developing. 79 Fig. 8 Spatial distribution of Syt isoforms by line-scan analysis. 82 Fig. 9 Spatiotemporal expression patterns of Syt isoforms 84 Fig.10 Expression of Syt isoforms in rat optic nerves during development. 86 Fig. 11 Syt III and Syt IV localized to RGC axons 87 Fig. 12 Syt III and Syt IV were partially localized to Syt I. 89 Fig. 13 The spatial property of spontaneous Ca2+ transients was not changed by overexpression of Syt III or anti-sense Syt III. 91 Fig. 14 The frequency and interval of spontaneous Ca2+ transients were changed by overexpression of Syt III. 93 Fig. 15 The amplitude of spontaneous Ca2+ transients increased by overexpressing of Syt III compared to AS-Syt III. 95 Fig. 16 The spatial property of spontaneous Ca2+ transients was not changed by overexpression of Syt III or anti-sense Syt III in SACs. 97 Fig. 17 The frequency and interval of spontaneous Ca2+ transients were changed by overexpression of Syt III in SACs 99 Fig. 18 The amplitude and duration of spontaneous Ca2+ transients were not changed by overexpression of Syt III in SACs 101 Fig. 19 The Brn3b promoter targeted gene expression to RGCs. 103 Fig. 20 The spatial property of spontaneous Ca2+ transients was changed by overexpression of Syt III or anti-sense Syt III in RGCs. 105 Fig. 21 The frequency and interval of spontaneous Ca2+ transients were changed by overexpression of Syt III in RGCs. 107 Fig. 22 The amplitude and duration of spontaneous Ca2+ transients were not changed by overexpression of Syt III in RGCs. 109 Fig. 23 The properties of retinal waves were not changed by transfection of different control vectors, such as pCMV-IRES2-EGFP, pmGluR2-IRES2-EGFP, and pBrn3b-IRES2-EGFP 111 Fig. 24 The working model that Syt III regulates the retinal waves in both SACs and RGCs and its special expression patterns. 113 Table. 1 The list of primers 114 Table. 2 List of primary antibodies used in this study. 115 Table. 3 List of secondary antibodies used in this study. 116 Table. 4 Value of correlation Index expressed by promoter CMV 117 Table. 5 Value of correlation Index expressed by promoter mGluR2 118 Table. 6 Value of correlation Index expressed by promoter Brn3b 119 Appendix 120 Appendix I 121 Appendix II - Abstract and poster 138 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.subject | 規律自發性放電反應 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | Synaptotagmin III | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 鈣離子影像技術 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 視野分離 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 視網膜波 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | eye-specific segregation | en |
| dc.subject | calcium imaging | en |
| dc.subject | patterned spontaneous activity | en |
| dc.subject | retinal waves | en |
| dc.subject | synaptotagmin III | en |
| dc.title | Synaptotagmin III在大鼠視網膜的發育過程中所扮演的角色 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | The Functional Role of Synaptotagmin III in the Developing Rat Retina | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 101-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 陳示國,徐立中,盧主欽,周申如 | |
| dc.subject.keyword | Synaptotagmin III,視網膜波,規律自發性放電反應,視野分離,鈣離子影像技術, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | synaptotagmin III,retinal waves,patterned spontaneous activity,eye-specific segregation,calcium imaging, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 141 | |
| dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2013-07-22 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 生命科學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 分子與細胞生物學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 分子與細胞生物學研究所 | |
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