知覺風險及基因改造食品與基因改造非食品接受度之差異化效果分析－結構方程模型應用

Abstract

隨著科技及生物技術高度發展，基因改造產品也將成為未來市場趨勢。本研究分析18歲以上至65歲以下之一般台灣民眾對於基因改造食品及非基因改造食品接受度是否有差異，探討科技態度、科技知識、非營利組織信任、政府組織信任、道德與宗教及知覺利益、知覺風險與基因改造產品間的影響關係，進一步比較造成接受度差異的主要原因。 本研究樣本使用「台灣地區基因體意向調查與資料庫建置之規劃(IV)」之面訪問卷資料，並從中抽出1553個樣本進行分析。研究方法採用結構方程模型進行，先利用驗證性因素分析來確立測量變項與潛在變項間的因素結構及評估模型整體契合度等，接著再利用結構方程模行進行整體模型的路徑分析，進而找出彼此的影響關係並分析潛在變項間的直接效果及間接效果。 本研究結果顯示無論是基因改造食品或基因改造非食品之接受度模型，內生潛在變項中皆以知覺利益造成的影響較知覺風險大，且知覺風險在非食品模型中有別於過去認知，在本研究中與接受度呈正向關係，外生潛在變項中皆以科技知識及政府信任對於基改產品接受度的影響最大，另外道德與宗教在本研究中並非重要影響因素，各外生潛在變項對於兩模型的影響方式不盡相同，其中科技知識對於兩產品之接受度的影響主要都來自直接效果；科技態度、政府組織信任在基改食品接受度中的影養主要都來自於間接效果，直接效果影響較弱，但在基改非食品接受度中卻呈現相反結果，直接效果較間接效果為強；非營利組織信任在兩模型中對於接受度雖未造成顯著影響，但卻與知覺利益有顯著關係。

With highly technology and biotechnology develop, genetically modified products will become the trend in the future. We analyzed consumer acceptance towards genetically modified food and nonfood using structural equation modeling. This study data was collected by Academia Sinica in Taiwan and got a sample of 1533 Taiwan citizens. The purpose explored the attitude toward technology, technology knowledge, trust with nonprofit organizations and executive organizations, moral and religion, perceived benefits, perceived risk concern with GM products, and further to compared the main reason which caused the differentiation with acceptance. The results indicated that GM food or GM non-food acceptance model, endogenous potential variables impacted on perceived benefits stronger than the perceived risk, and perceived risk had a significant positive influence on GM nonfood. Our study showed knowledge and government trust played the most important roles in shaping perceived benefit, perceived risk and the acceptance of GM food and nonfood. Knowledge influenced on the acceptance of GM food and nonfood was mainly from direct effect. Attitude and government trust influence on the acceptance of GM food were mainly from indirect effect, but direct effect was mainly on the acceptance of GM nonfood. Nonprofit organizations trust, moral and religion had no influence on the acceptance of GM food and nonfood, but nonprofit organizations trust linked with perceived benefit.