《紅樓夢》中的替身、夢境與對話：以巴赫汀「複調」理論為中心的考察與詮釋

Abstract

本文主要運用巴赫汀的「複調」理論，對《紅樓夢》進行文本分析與詮釋。本文之〈一〉首先針對巴赫汀理論之翻譯問題等現象，提出一些概念上的修正，以及指出前人研究之效用與局限。本文之〈二〉則通過布斯（Wayne C. Booth）、劉康、托多羅夫（T. Todorov）等整理，總結出巴赫汀的「複調」理論就是他的「對話」理論的文學上的術語。通過巴赫汀重視的「替身」等概念，將其運用在對《紅樓夢》的文本分析中：本文之〈三〉以黛玉－晴雯、寶玉－秦鐘等互為「替身」的段落，說明《紅樓夢》中人物間的「替身」關係。本文之〈四〉則透過「夢」之特殊涵義，也就是潛意識與意識之間的「對話」，從而分析鳳姐遇秦可卿、尤二姐遇尤三姐，指出其人物之間呈現的模式正如巴赫汀所說的「對話」理論，使人物內心矛盾加以空間化。通過上述初步的嘗試，提出《紅樓夢》視為巴赫汀所論的「複調」小說的可能性，且《紅樓夢》作者重視的焦點之一為「思考著的人的意識，這一意識生存的對話領域」這一特殊的角度。

This thesis focuses on the Dream of the Red Chamber, suggests a theoretical approach based on Bakhtin’s poetics of the novel which named ‘polyphony’. The thesis is divided into three parts: 1) an analysis of translating “Герой” in different language, which is the important concept in Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics. 2) A discussion of the basic idea ‘polyphony’ of Bakhtin. Comparing several literary critic’s views, such as Wayne C. Booth, Liu Kang, Tzevtan Todorov, then focus more on Todorov’s idea, that consider ‘polyphony’ as an extension concept of ‘the dialogical principle’. 3) Analysis several parts of narrative in the Dream of the Red Chamber that are similar with Bakhtin’s ‘polyphony’, by applying what Todorov argued, ‘the dialogical principle’. This thesis plans to investigate the use of ‘the double in Literature’ and ‘Dream’ theme in the Dream of the Red Chamber. After these discussions, I hope to offer a similarity between what Bakhtin’s idea and some narratives in the Dream of the Red Chamber.