企業員工工作環境對創新績效之影響

Abstract

科技日新月異，全球社會持續變遷，利害關係人愈趨重視企業員工工作環境。如何改善工作環境以面對瞬息萬變的時代，已成為現代各企業之課題。本文以2014年至2018年作為研究期間，針對台灣上市櫃有出具企業社會責任報告書之企業，研究其企業員工工作環境是否將影響創新活動績效與效率，並以教育訓練、是否被選為高薪100指數成分股、員工流動率、是否違反勞基法及員工職業傷害等作為員工工作環境之衡量因子。 實證結果顯示，被選為高薪100指數成分股的企業，對於創新產出有正向的提升效果；教育訓練則使創新績效下降，推測可能是因為企業教育訓練之重點並非提升員工創新能力。對於創新效率的影響，其結果大致相同。本文進一步分析，發現以電子高科技業為分析樣本時，企業員工工作環境對於創新產出的影響將呈現更顯著的效果；教育訓練與員工職業傷害可能降低創新的價值及其效率性。針對電子高科技業之創新產出效率，發現員工流動率愈高，將使創新的產出愈低。

An important task for a modern firm is how to improve the working environment so that its employees can swiftly adapt to the rapidly changing world. Using the data of listed firms in Taiwan between 2014-2018, this thesis investigates the impact of the working environment on innovative performance and efficiency. The proxies for whether the working environment is favorable to employees include the average employee training hour, whether a firm is included in the Taiwan HC 100 index, employee turnover, whether a firm violates labor laws. and employee occupational injuries statistics. Empirical results show that being included in the HC 100 index has a positive impact on innovation output (number of patents). On the other hand, employee training has a negative impact on innovation value (number of patent citations), which implies that the main purpose for firms to train employees may not be enhancing their abilities in innovation. The results for the innovation efficiency are similar. Further analysis shows that, when the firms in high-tech electronic industries are used as the sample, the impact of the working environment on innovation output becomes stronger. Among them, employee training and occupational injuries reduce innovation value and efficiency. As to innovation efficiency, the results show that an increase in the employee turnover rate lowers innovation output.