以計劃行為理論探討台灣大學生每週飲用含糖手搖飲料之意圖

Abstract

背景: 過往文獻已指出，飲用含糖飲料使身體攝取不必要的熱量，不僅會造成肥胖，更可能導致第二型糖尿病、心臟病、代謝症候群等健康危害，加重許多健康負擔。世界衛生組織 (WHO) 呼籲各國必須減少糖的攝取量，許多國家更開始實施含糖稅的政策，可見此問題的嚴重性不容忽視。台灣有近80%的成人，每週至少飲用1次含糖飲料，此現象不僅讓手搖茶店數增加，營業額更是節節高升，在飲食自主性、選擇性高的大學生族群中，有近25%大學生，每週超過5天皆攝取含糖飲料，顯示含手搖飲料行為已是台灣本土特殊的飲食文化。 目的: 本研究以計劃行為理論 (TPB) 為框架，針對台灣大學生設計問卷，調查大學生對於飲用含糖飲料之行為意圖及相關因素。 方法: 本研究以計劃行為理論為框架設計量性問卷，並利用網路匿名自填式問卷收集調查資料，透過大學生社群相關網路平台招募研究參與者。資料收集期間為2020年3月25日至2020年4月25日，共收集了1,426份有效問卷。利用探索性因素分析及信效度分析針對理論構念進行檢驗後，以描述性統計呈現背景變項、TPB理論構念與飲用含糖手搖飲料意圖之分布，最後透過多元羅吉斯迴歸檢驗大學生飲用含糖手搖飲料意圖之相關因素。 結果: 台灣大學生有近七成的大學生每週至少喝一次含糖手搖飲料。若對於喝含糖手搖飲料的正向行為結果評價為正向者 (AOR=2.12)、在主觀規範對於大學生支持者 (AOR=1.51)、在有利情境下之自覺行為控制為中度 (AOR=2.02) 與高度者 (AOR=5.31)、與飲料阻礙情境下之自覺行為控制為中度者 (AOR=2.44)、與飲料政策阻礙情境下之自覺行為控制相對中度者(AOR=2.32)，其高意圖之勝算比顯著較高。 結論: 本研究發現，台灣大學生未來每週飲用含糖手搖飲料之意圖，與TPB構念有重要關聯性。整體來說，大學生對於含糖手搖飲料行為的態度抱持正面的想法，其同儕與家人則為影響其飲用意圖的重要他人。另外，台灣的環境對於大學生來說是有利購買含糖手搖飲料的；飲料外包裝加註熱量標示的阻礙情境下之自覺行為控制亦會影響大學生購買含糖手搖飲料之意圖。因此，本研究結果可作為未來針對大學生之適性衛教宣導，以及含糖手搖飲料之政策發展的實證參考依據。

Background: Previous literature has pointed out that drinking sugary beverages causes the body to take in unnecessary calories, leading to obesity and other diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and metabolic syndrome. Subsequently, the World Health Organization calls on countries to reduce sugar intake and many countries have even begun to implement sugar tax policies. In Taiwan, nearly 80% of adults drink sugar-sweetened hand-shaken beverages (SSHSB) at least once a week. Evidence also has shown that nearly 25% of the college students who have high autonomy on food choices reported consuming SSHSB more than 5 days a week, indicating that the behavior of SSHSB is a special diet culture in Taiwan. Objectives: This study uses the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as the framework to design a questionnaire in investigating the intention and related factors of SSHSB among college students in Taiwan. Methods: This study first designed a quantitative questionnaire based on TPB. By using the designed questionnaire, data was collected anonymously via Internet. Participants were recruited through online platforms. A total of 1,426 valid questionnaires were collected from March 25 to April 25 in 2020. Exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha were conducted to check the reliability and validity of the data. Descriptive statistics were performed for the study variables. Finally, logistic regression was conducted to examine the related factors of SSHSB intention. Results: Nearly 70% of college students in Taiwan drank SSHSB at least once a week. The results from the logistic regression show that the odds of drinking SSHSB was higher when the participants had a positive attitude toward SSHSB (AOR=2.12), had important others who approved of drinking SSHSB (AOR=1.51), had relatively moderate and high levels of behavioral control in the face of facilitating conditions (AOR = 2.02 and 5.31, respectively), and had relatively moderate levels of behavioral control in the face of obstacles relating to behavior of SSHSB and policies (AOR = 2.44 and 2.32, respectively). Conclusion: This study confirms associations between TPB constructs and intention of drinking SSHSB among college students in Taiwan. In sum, the study shows that on average, college students of Taiwan had positive attitudes towards SSHSB and their intention of SSHSB were influenced by the beliefs of peers and family members. In addition, the living environments of Taiwan would facilitate students to buy SSHSB. The behavioral control under the condition where SSHSB contains calories label was also found to associate with the intention of SSHSB. Our results could help develop tailored health education for college students and inform policy development regarding SSHSB in the future.