苗栗縣社區推動長者預防跌倒計畫之成效

Abstract

目的：本研究在探討社區長者在不同的預防跌倒計畫介入後，對預防跌倒之認知、環境改善及其相關因素之成效。 方法:本研究採前後測(pre-post test)設計，研究對象以立意取樣苗栗縣辦理社區健康營造老人防跌議題之二個鄉鎮及辦理健康促進議題之一個鄉鎮之社區長者，以 50 歲以上社區長者為研究對象，有效樣本共計 152 人。於介入前後進行問卷評估，項目包含預防跌倒知識量表、預防跌倒信念、預防跌倒效能，共進行 12及 8 週防跌衛生教育課程與運動課程介入方案；資料經偵錯後以SPSS 20.0統計軟體，進行描述性及推論性統計。 結果：結果發現方案分別介入 12 週及 8 週後，兩個實驗組在預防跌倒知識、預防跌倒信念及預防跌倒效能、運動與預防跌倒行為均有顯著提升，而且實驗A組優於實驗B組。 建議：根據本研究結果，於社區推動長者預防跌倒計畫時，可以依社區長者之個人時間、需求給予不同的預防跌倒之衛生教育課程，對其預防跌倒知識、信念及效能均有提升之效果，以達到最佳預防跌倒行為的改變；在預防跌倒相關作為方面，建議將個人安全及居家檢測，建立相關衛教宣導資料供社區長者、家人於居家或日常生活中使用，並讓社區公共衛生護士於下鄉訪視或宣導時能加強宣導，並結合社區照顧關懷據點，定期開設預防跌倒相關課程，建立安全的居家及社區安全系統，以共同迎接高齡化社會的來臨，建置一個高齡友善環境。

Object：This study investigates the elder community fall prevention program in different situations, and this to increase awareness concerning the fall prevention, and to improve the environment and the other related factors. Methodology：This investigation has used pre-test and post-test to investigate through purposive sampling, in two towns in Miaoli County Community, health issues concerning fall prevention, and one town which we have made promotion of a township elder community, starting from people 50-years old up, for a total of 152 people. To intervene before conducting a questionnaire assessment, the project included fall prevention knowledge, fall prevention awareness, fall prevention performance, 12 and 8 weeks of fall prevention health education, and courses of sport; Errors in Information were ascertained according to the SPSS 20.0 statistical software, and descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The results showed that after 12 or 8 weeks, the two experimental groups showed a significant improvement in all prevention knowledge, awareness, fall prevention performance, sport and fall prevention behavior, and this more in group A than in group B. Recommendation: According to the result of this investigation, in order to promote in the mentioned community the project of fall prevention, it is best to accommodate the project to each elder personal time and need, by giving them a personal and different knowledge concerning the fall prevention, and in this way each person will obtain better awareness, performance, and the best change in behavior; under this aspect, personal safety and home inspection is recommended, and, besides, a relevant health education in the daily life for these community elders and their family, so that they can use all these prevention means at home. At the same time, the community public health nurses can visit the countryside to make interviews, or explain better how to avoid falls. This program has to be combined with the Community Care unit, by opening regular fall prevention courses, establishing a secure home, and a community safety system, in order to meet the advent of an aging society, and build a age-friendly environment.