黑面琵鷺保育特區治理模式之研究

Abstract

環境資源治理特區乃環境保育治理模式之一，其內容包含了棲地環境之營造過程、社區和在地產業之發展，以及確保候鳥能在保護範圍內外能有穩固之食源措施等。本研究以黑面琵鷺之保育為個案，針對雲嘉南風景區和台江國家公園兩時期兩種不同行環境資源治理特區之作為與成果進行比較評估。 本研究對兩種特區治理模式就六大項目之比較評估：模式一為2003年至2009年雲嘉南國家風景區主導所執行之實質發展計畫及環境資源保育整治計畫等，模式二為2009年後台江國家公園所主導之家園守護圈與生態養殖實驗計畫等，並就衝突管理、環境保育、觀光發展、地方產業、社區生活及環境教育等項目，進行綜合比較評估，並分析不同措施所產生之不同影響與影響因素。不同模式的影響差異，主要源於設立目標、前期經驗、社區關係及公私協力關係等綜合因素。 研究發現，環境資源治理特區不再是單方面的管制，而是多面向的治理過程，因此家園守護圈是重要的創新嘗試，使得資源治理特區和在地社區、環保團體，有了穩定的互助協力機制，治理內涵得以擴大，展現跨域治理之綜效。同時，環境資源保育的概念也有了擴大與提升，除了禁絕任何人為活動、禁止人類進入棲地，或是以人工繁殖復育之方式外，還有從歷史人文脈絡當中，觀測研究棲地的歷史營造過程，並嘗試以生態養殖之方式重新營造適合之棲地環境和食源。

Special conservation zone is a typical governance model adopted for the conservation of ecological resources. The content of governance includes the preservation of habitat, community and industrial development, and eco-aquaculture of food resources for the protected species. The purpose of this research is to conduct a comparative analysis between two different governance models for the conservation of Platalea Minor. Two governance models of special zones are targeted in this research. The first model is the Southwest Coast National Scenic Area’s tourism development plan and environmental resources conservation remediation plan from 2003 to 2009. The second model is Taijiang National Park’s community circles and eco-aquaculture of food resources plan form 2009 until now. Six items are conflict management, environmental conservation, tourism development, local industry, community living, and environmental education. Researching those differences and factors form different models. This study suggests that models’ differences are form set goals, early experience, community relations and public private partnership. In conclusion, effective governance of special zone not only needs to control human behavior, but also requires the exercise of multi-level governance process. Community circle is found an important innovation to make stable public private partnership between special zone, community and environmental groups. In the future, it is suggested the context of environmental resource conservation has to be broadened and upgraded in order to achieve better performance in the conservation of ecological resources.