社區參與自然步道監測之研究－以宜蘭縣礁溪鄉林美石磐步道為例

Abstract

本研究以宜蘭縣礁溪鄉林美石磐步道為研究地，採參與式行動研究的做法， 由學術團隊、在地社區組織與林業管理單位共同發展社區取徑的步道監測機制， 並培力社區具備獨立操作的能力，期能深化與制度化社區參與步道經營管理的範 疇，落實在地參與資源管理的理念。本研究以表單化、圖像化的方式建立2 種執 行頻度的步道監測表單（含步道圖），並透過社區組織實際參與規劃、執行及回報 林業管理單位的經驗，顯示社區組織可經由適當的機制設計與培力過程，參與步 道巡護工作，並與既有管理機制連結。另一方面，在地社區組織需有獨立的運作 體制，以持續進行步道巡護工作，成為重要的管理夥伴；管理單位亦需正視在地 社區的重要性，將社區參與制度化，提供更佳的體制誘因；至學術單位因其第三 者的特性，可在社區與管理單位間扮演輔助、支持與溝通的角色，以強化雙方合 作關係，但也需謹慎拿捏參與分際，避免被過度依賴。最後，本研究建議未來發 展步道社區監測機制時，可先建立參與者的夥伴關係與釐清管理現況，再發展目 標場域的監測與回報既有管理體制的機制，並透過培力的過程建立執行能力及檢 討機制，最後交由在地社區實際執行，實踐參與管理。

We used Lin-mei community and its Shih-pan trail as materials, adopted participatory action research, and work with the locals with Lin-mei community, and Luodong Forest District Office in order to develop a community-based trail monitoring mechanism and to empower local community. It aims to deepen and institutionalize community participation in trail management. Based on tables and maps, we developed two kinds of sheets to monitor the Shih-pan trail. The results showed that local community can participate in trail planning, patrolling and reporting, and the management mechanism through proper design and empowerment. Moreover, while it was necessary to operate independently for the community organization to sustain trail patrolling work, the management authority shall pay attentions to the role of local community and to institutionalize its participation for creating more institutional incentives. About the academics, it was able to assist, support and improve communication and cooperation between the local community and the management authority as the third party. However, there was a risk for both to over-rely on the academics. This study suggested that as to development a community-based monitoring scheme on a trail, it shall build up partnerships and clarifying management status first, then, develop a mechanism to implement and evaluate monitoring and reporting by community empowerment. The final objective was to let the local community to implement and participate in trail management.