斜紋夜蛾自動化大量飼養系統之建立

Abstract

施用化學農藥防治重要的雜食性農業害蟲斜紋夜蛾 Spodoptera litua (F.)，已讓民眾健康及自然環境暴露於風險中，利用其絕對寄生性天敵斜紋夜蛾核多角體病毒 SpltNPV，一種具高專一性、高致病力的生物性農藥，可望減少施用化學農藥所帶來的風險，而大規模量產 SpltNPV 最有效的方式就是感染幼蟲，令幼蟲成為製造病毒的生物工廠，但由於斜紋夜蛾四齡後具自殘行為，不適合集體飼養，故傳統上皆以多孔盤單隻飼養作為大量飼養的方式，但傳統飼養方法需耗費高人工飼料成本、空間成本與最主要的人工成本，企業化規模的大量飼養的飼養方式仍未發展出來。本研究著力於調整飼料配方以降低人工飼料成本，並以自動化系統為理念，開發一項獨特的飼養容器與技術，建立一套斜紋夜蛾自動化大量飼養系統，並開發化蛹器與仿葉式產卵器，改良種源庫的處理方式。使用兩組飼養設備 (每組容量約 2 公升) 飼養 350 隻具自殘性的四齡幼蟲至末齡，飼養中期經 90% 交換率之自動化交換程序，以補充食物、降低幼蟲密度，集體飼養 6 天後幼蟲存活率達 89%。此套飼養技術可降低 52.8% 人工飼料成本，並利用垂直飼料板妥善運用飼養空間，降低幼蟲自殘率，並分離蟲糞與飼料，減少 85.8% 飼養空間，並縮減約 90% 飼養工時，最終降低生產成本 90%。本飼養設備及飼養技術已於 2012 年通過中華民國新型專利 (新型第 M 426277 號)。未來之重要的工作項目為調整整套自動化飼養系統，以找到最具經濟效益的飼養方式，令大量繁殖斜紋夜蛾核多角體病毒的自動化飼養系統更具經濟競爭力及未來發展性。

Chemical control of tobacco cutworms (Spodoptera litura (F.)), a destructive polyphagous pest worldwide, have numbers of environmental and public health risks. The application of Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltNPV), an intracellular, highly specific and effective biopesticide, could reduce those risks. The most efficient way of mass production of SpltNPV is by culturing it in larvae of S. litura. However, due to their cannibalism behavior from 4th instar onward stages, up to now the traditional rearing method is rear individually. Besides, owing to its high cost of artificial diet, space and labor intensively, no industrial mass rearing methods has been developed yet. The current study modifies the components of artificial diet to reduce its cost and proposed unique equipment and techniques that are designed in an automated system to establish an automatic mass-rearing system of S. litura larvae. This study also designs pupation box and leaf-like egg-collector for improving the process that dealing with germplasm resource. Using 2 designed rearing containers (2 L per device) rearing for 6 days, and on the third day with an exchange process with 90% successful transfer to resupply food and reduce larval density, 350 cannibalistic larvae can be reared from 4th to 6th instar with an 89.0% survival. This new technique could efficiently reduce 66.0% artificial diet cost, cut down 85.8% rearing space via vertical food supply, which has better features as better use of space to reduce cannibalism and separation of feces from food, shorten 90% labor’s time, and ultimately reduce 90% cost of production. The techniques and designs have already been patented in 2012 (ROC patent no.: M 426277). The future work of current project is to adjust the automated system and finding more efficient way for reducing cost of larvae rearing. After completion of those works, an ideal automated SpltNPV mass-producing system with competitive cost could be achieved.