蓮霧（桃金孃目：桃金孃科）葉萃取物語檀香煙霧對於斑蚊科蚊子行為的影響

Abstract

埃及斑蚊和白線斑蚊是台灣重要的登革熱病媒蚊，減少蚊子數量或使其遠離人類生活環境在蚊媒疾病管制上都是重要的一環。本研究將採用兩種方法蚊蟲防治方法。一種為致死性誘卵桶，以吸引蚊子產卵再殺死幼蟲的方式減少蚊子的數量。我們以蘇力菌以色列亞種作為殺蟲劑，蓮霧葉子浸泡液作為誘餌製作幼卵桶，成功地吸引了白線斑蚊產卵並殺死幼蟲。接著我們測試了傳統台灣宮廟活動中燃燒的紙錢以及線香，視其產生的煙霧是否可以驅除埃及斑蚊。而結果為線香的煙霧可以明顯地驅趕蚊子，但紙錢沒有效果。因此點燃線香可能可以使宮廟附近的居民免於被蚊蟲叮咬，或是可以趕走宮廟附近的蚊子，但這需要再進一步研究線香的組成物質。就算在台灣的鄉下或偏遠地區，使用蓮霧葉為誘餌的致死性誘卵桶、燃燒線香、抑或以後以線香萃取出的物質製作的驅蟲劑，都會是容易用來控制病媒蚊的方法，因此值得之後進一步研究。

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are important dengue vectors in Taiwan, primarily Ae. aegypti. Reducing mosquito abundance and repelling mosquitoes from human areas are important in disease management. In this thesis, we approached two different methods to keep these Ae. mosquitoes away from humans. One is a lethal ovitrap, which attracts mosquitoes to lay eggs and kills the larvae, reducing the mosquito population. Cheap and readily available baits that don’t interfere with the larvicidal ingredients are needed for ovitraps to work. We tested bell-fruit (Syzygium samarangense) leaf extract as bait with Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis as larvicide, and found the trap successfully attracts gravid Ae. albopictus to lay eggs and subsequently kills the larvae. Next we tested two substances burned in traditional worship practices in Taiwan, bamboo paper money and agarwood incense, to see if the smoke they produce repels Ae. aegypti. We hypothesized these smokes can serve as spatial repellents. The smoke of agarwood incense sticks repels mosquitoes surprisingly strongly, but the ghost money has no effect. It is possible that incense smoke protects worshippers form mosquito bites or repels mosquitoes from around temples, but future research is needed to identify the responsible compound. Using bell fruit extract as bait in lethal ovitraps or burning incense or a future agarwood product as a special repellent are easy tools for vector control, even in rural or remote parts of Taiwan, and their potential for use in vector management deserves to be studied further.