WTO 處理國際非法貿易之角⾊

Abstract

⾮法貿易在在國際社會中是個迫切需要解決的問題，因為它對社會，經濟和國家政策產⽣許多負⾯影響，各國因此簽署了許多反⾮法協議。這些協定的締約⽅需要履⾏這些協定下的義務，並執⾏反⾮法貿易措施。但如果這些措施違反了WTO 規則，可能會被其他WTO 會員通過WTO 爭端解決提出訴訟。WTO 經常因為過於過以貿易為中⼼⽽受到各種批評，並被視為其他⾮貿易價值的巨⼤絆腳⽯。本⽂旨在研究WTO 在減少⾮法貿易⽬標中的可能⾓⾊。為此，本⽂將以三個反⾮法貿易協定為例，並分析它們與WTO 規則的兼容性。經過分析，本⽂會將重點將轉向WTO 爭端解決制度，並通過世貿組織以往的案例和有關例外規定做進 ⼀步的研究以探討WTO 在減少⾮法貿易中的可能作⽤。最後，本⽂將為精進WTO 的作⽤提供⼀些建議。

The issue of illicit trade is important in the international community, as it has many negative consequences upon the society, economy and national policy. Nations have come together to combat illicit trade, and as a result a number of anti-illicit agreements were signed.Parties to those agreements are obliged to carry out their duties under those agreements, and to implement anti-illicit trade measures. However, if these measures infringe WTO rules, it can be challenged through the WTO Dispute Settlement System. The WTO has been subject to various criticisms as being too trade-centric and is a large stumbling block towards achieving other non-trade values upheld by the international community. This thesis seeks to discover the WTO’s possible role in furthering the objective of reducing illicit trade. To do so, this thesis will take three examples of anti-illicit trade agreements, and analyse their compatibility with WTO rules. Building upon the conclusions in the analysis, the focus will turn the WTO Dispute Settlement System. The study of past WTO jurisprudence and GATT exceptions will further determine the WTO’s possible role in reducing illicit trade. Lastly, this thesis will provide some suggestions to further complement WTO’s role.