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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 陳佩貞(Pei-Jen Chen) | |
dc.contributor.author | Po-Cheng Wu | en |
dc.contributor.author | 吳柏成 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-16T09:49:18Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2019-02-16 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2017-02-16 | |
dc.date.issued | 2017 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2017-01-19 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Adams, M. S., and J. L. Stauber. 2004. Development of a whole‐sediment toxicity test using a benthic marine microalga. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 23: 1957-1968.
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NIEA-PA107環境檢驗方法偵測極限測定指引. 行政院環境保護署環境檢驗所. 2011. 塑膠中鄰苯二甲酸酯類檢測方法-氣相層析質譜儀法. 行政院環境保護署環境檢驗所. 2012. NIEA M182.01C矽酸鎂淨化法. 邱聖翔. 2015. 底泥中多環芳香烴對青鱂魚胚胎生物有效性及毒性效應之探討. 國立臺灣大學. 林明慧. 2014. 環境流布濃度之鄰苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯對青鱂魚生殖毒性探討. 國立臺灣大學. 國立成功大學環境微量毒物研究中心. 2001. 毒性化學物質環境流布暴露調查分析期末報告. 謝季吟,林哲維. 2012. 底泥生物慢毒性檢測技術最新發展. 行政院環保署環境檢驗所-環境分析評論.第四期:72-79. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/59992 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 鄰苯二甲酸酯類 (Phthalate esters, PAEs) 為常見的人造化合物,常被添加於塑膠產品以增強其彈性、強度及耐久性,其中鄰苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯 [Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, DEHP] 為全世界產量最大、用途最廣的塑化劑,在世界各地皆有觀察到DEHP的流布。由於DEHP的水溶解度低,容易會被水中黏土礦物或有機物質等基質所吸附而沉降至底泥,使得底泥成為DEHP主要的蓄積庫。被吸附在底泥中的DEHP可能會因自然、人為或生物擾動而再度的移動到水體中,進而提高水中生物之暴露風險及危害效應。然而DEHP為生物急毒性低的新興汙染物,且目前臺灣對於底泥新興汙染物毒性評估的檢測方法較少,底泥中塑化劑汙染對水生生物的長期毒性效應所知有限。因此,本研究先以青鱂魚幼魚進行自動更水式底泥暴露系統干擾因子測試,選定275 mL燒杯中有100 mL飽和底泥,上層含有175 mL覆蓋水並每24小時更換一次水作後續暴露條件。再將DEHP添加的人造底泥進行21天青鱂魚幼魚毒性暴露試驗,並觀察底泥的DEHP汙染對於青鱂魚幼魚之生物毒性;最後利用擋網的有無 (隔絕青鱂魚直接接觸底泥) 來比較青鱂魚攝入汙染物的途徑差異,並觀察底泥DEHP對幼魚之生物毒性效應。結果顯示,DEHP底泥 (250、500、1000 mg/kg) 處理組其存活率與控制組間沒有明顯差異,但其幼魚的體長與體重隨底泥DEHP濃度升高而有降低的趨勢。此外,氧化壓力方面,暴露高濃度DEHP底泥 (500、1000 mg/kg) 顯著降低魚體GST酵素 (Gultathione S-transferases) 活性。底泥中DEHP在暴露前後約減少35-41 %,表層水於暴露期間皆無檢測到DEHP殘留。由暴露途徑實驗結果顯示,處理組幼魚存活率與控制組間沒有明顯差異,但隨著擋網隔絕幼魚直接接觸底泥,體長與體重減少的狀況有抑制的情形,氧化壓力酵素測定結果中,與控制組相比底泥暴露高濃度DEHP (500 mg/kg) 的幼魚體內GST酵素活性顯著降低。魚體中DEHP累積結果顯示,以擋網隔絕底泥也會減少青鱂魚對於DEHP之累積。底泥中DEHP在暴露前後約減少28-53 %,表層水也無檢測到DEHP含量,但發現表層水中懸浮物質中DEHP含量與底泥相近,表示底泥中的DEHP會隨著擾動而帶到水體中因而增加對於生物體暴露DEHP的風險。綜上所述,青鱂魚幼魚會透過直接攝入底泥而增加底泥汙染物的暴露途徑。青鱂魚幼魚長期暴露於受DEHP汙染之底泥中不會造成顯著之死亡效應,但會抑制GST酵素活性及幼魚成長情形 (體長及體重減少)。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Phthalate esters (PAEs) are plasticizers commonly used in industries to enhance the flexibility, strengthening and softness of plastic products. Among these PAEs, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is the most commonly used plasticizer in the world. It is easily leached into the environment and ubiquitously detected in surface water and sediment in the worldwide. The DEHP has low solubility, and is easily bound to the organic matter or clay minerals in water and DEHP will finally be deposited in sediment as a pollutant source. Sediment-bound DEHP may be remobilized by bioturbation or flood events and become more available and hazardous to aquatic biota. However, studies directly linking to the sediment toxicity tests with long term sediment chronic toxicity and using fish as a sediment model are still limited. The impact of DEHP contaminded sediment for fish (e.g., medaka larvae) is still unclear at present. The objectives of this study are to establish a sediment testing intermittent water renewal (STIR) system with larvae of medaka (Orzyias latipes) fish and to assess the chronic effect of DEHP-contaminated sediments. We also aim to investigate whether medaka larvae would directly uptake sediments through oral digestion, so we placed a mesh between the interface of sediment and water to seperate fish from directly exposing to sediment. We then compared the DEHP concentration and toxic effects in fish at different exposure tanks with and without the mesh. The results showed that a 21-days exposure of DEHP-contaminated sediment (250、500 and 1000 mg/kg) inhibited the growth (e.g., body weight and length) of medaka larvae and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity were decreased at high concentrations of DEHP-contaminated sediment (500、1000 mg/kg) exposures. Our research also showed that the mesh placed between sediment and water lessened DEHP toxicity (e.g., growth and antioxidant enzymes decreases) and also declined the accumulation of DEHP in medaka larvae as compared to the fish from the beakers without the mesh. We also found that the DEHP-induced oxidative stress in larvae may obstruct the growth. In conclusion, DEHP-contaminated sediment caused developmental toxicity in growth and oxidative stress of medaka larvae. Pollutant in sediment might be taken by medaka fish via oral uptake. The established chronic sediment toxicity test of medaka larvae in a water renewal system has a potential to evaluate the risk of sediment DEHP contamination to ecosystems. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-16T09:49:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-106-R03623015-1.pdf: 4042339 bytes, checksum: 2e45fd48866ab1ada006113bad122f39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 致謝 i
中文摘要 iii ABSTRACT iv 縮寫對照表 vi 目錄 ix 圖目錄 xiii 表目錄 xiv 1. 前言 1 1.1 研究起源 1 1.2 研究動機 2 2. 文獻回顧 3 2.1 底泥汙染對水域生態的危害性及管理 3 2.1.1 底泥與汙染物之關係 3 2.1.2 底泥品質指標介紹 5 2.2 新興汙染物鄰苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯 (DEHP)簡介 11 2.2.1 DEHP基本特性 11 2.2.2 DEHP的物化特性 12 2.2.3 DEHP在環境中流布情形 14 2.3 DEHP於環境中的宿命 23 2.3.1 微生物降解途徑 23 2.3.2 DHEP於環境中半衰期 26 2.4 DEHP之生物毒性回顧 27 2.4.1 DEHP代謝途徑 28 2.4.2 DEHP生物體毒性 29 2.4.3 氧化壓力及抗氧化酵素反應 34 2.5 底泥毒性試驗回顧 37 2.5.1 標準方法回顧 37 2.5.2 底泥生物試驗暴露方式 41 2.5.3 底泥毒性試驗模式生物回顧 44 2.5.4 魚體暴露底泥之可能途徑 46 2.6 本研究使用之模式生物-青鱂魚介紹 48 2.7 研究目的 49 3. 材料與方法 50 3.1 研究架構 50 3.2 實驗藥品 51 3.2.1 藥品與試劑 51 3.2.2 儀器設備 52 3.3 青鱂魚飼養方式與繁殖條件 53 3.4 自動更水式底泥暴露系統建立 55 3.4.1 自動更水式底泥暴露試驗系統介紹 55 3.4.2 人造底泥配置 58 3.4.3 自動更水式底泥暴露系統干擾因子測試 59 3.5 暴露於含DEHP底泥之生物毒性效應探討 63 3.5.1 DEHP汙染底泥配製與汙染物平衡條件 63 3.5.2 含DEHP汙染底泥暴露試驗 64 3.6 DEHP經由底泥至魚體之暴露途徑探討 68 3.6.1 含DEHP底泥製備及暴露燒杯設計 68 3.6.2 含DEHP汙染底泥暴露試驗 70 3.6.3 懸浮物質測定實驗 71 3.7 DEHP濃度測定 72 3.7.1 底泥中DEHP濃度測定 72 3.7.2 覆蓋水DEHP濃度測定 73 3.7.3 魚體中DEHP濃度確定 74 3.7.4 高效液相層析儀 (HPLC)測定條件 75 3.7.5 氣相層析質譜儀 (GC-MS)測定條件 76 3.8 實驗品保/品管 77 3.8.1 檢量線建立 77 3.8.2 添加DEHP於水、底泥及魚體之回收率分析 78 3.8.3 方法偵測極限 (Method Detection Limit, MDL) 建立 79 3.9 氧化壓力指標測定 80 3.9.1 幼魚魚體樣品均質與蛋白質濃度分析 80 3.9.2 幼魚抗氧化酵素活性分析 81 3.10 統計分析 84 4. 結果與討論 85 4.1 DEHP相關分析之品保/品管結果 85 4.1.1 DEHP層析圖譜、光二級陣列檢測器吸收光譜及質譜圖 85 4.1.2 DEHP分析檢量線之結果 89 4.1.3 方法偵測極限 91 4.1.4 樣品添加分析之回收率結果 92 4.2 自動更水式底泥系統之干擾因子測試結果 94 4.3 暴露在DEHP添加底泥之生物效應結果 98 4.3.1 青鱂魚毒性 (存活率、體長及體重) 效應結果 98 4.3.2 DEHP之氧化壓力活性指標結果 102 4.3.3 底泥、水體DEHP濃度分析結果 105 4.4 DEHP經由底泥至魚體之暴露途徑探討結果 107 4.4.1 青鱂魚毒性效應結果 107 4.4.2 氧化壓力指標活性結果 111 4.4.3 底泥、魚體、水體DEHP濃度分析結果 113 4.5 綜合討論 118 5. 結論與建議 121 6. 參考文獻 122 7. 附錄 134 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 長期暴露於鄰苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯汙染底泥對青鱂魚幼魚之生物效應探討 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Chronic Effects of Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate-contaminated Sediment on Larvae of Medaka Fish (Oryzias latipes) | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 105-1 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 陳德豪(Te-Hao Chen),周佩欣(Pei-Hsin Chou),童心欣(Hsin-hsin Tung) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 自動更水式全底泥試驗系統,鄰苯二甲酸酯類,鄰苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯,青?魚,慢毒性, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | Sediment testing intermittent water renewal system,Phthalate esters,Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,Medaka,Chronic toxicity, | en |
dc.relation.page | 139 | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU201700025 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2017-01-19 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 農業化學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 農業化學系 |
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