台灣城鄉交界的農耕文化：台北都會邊緣的安坑耕種者之菜園生活個案研究

Abstract

本研究藉由描述一個發生在台北都會邊緣的地區—安坑都市菜園之現象，梳理土地、耕種、人之間的歷史關係，挖掘紮根於地方發展的農耕文化。探討安坑從原生農耕聚落進入都市化過程的空間發展衝擊、及地方耕種者在沒有經濟壓力的條件下，於都市化土地上進行菜園生活之意圖與內涵，從而建構台灣的農耕文化樣貌。 安坑作為台北都會周邊地區、新店四大區域中第二個現代化區域，歷史上曾是台灣北部新店地區重要的出口茶葉生產的農村聚落。戰後受到台北都會區的擴張及新店的工業化之影響，自七十年代起迅速成為補替台北都會住宅功能的準都市空間，以山坡地住宅為人熟知，然失序的都市化也同時造成安坑舊聚落區域的發展遲緩，留下待開發土地閒置而變身在地耕種者的菜園。在都市化的衝擊下，安坑菜園成為在地耕種長著的身心歸屬之地，耕種者通過種菜生活撫慰了早期農村與工業化時期艱困的生活經驗與記憶，滿足身體與土地勞動的慣習，成為現在聯繫家庭與社會關係的管道，並發展出對自然系統的重視與耕食安全循環的概念。 農業安坑轉變為臥房城市的軌跡，揭示了人與土地、農耕與生活如何從建構走向斷裂，而耕種者在力求發展的都會郊區所進行的耕種生活，則是人地關係再一次縫合，從中展現與自然協調相生的生存哲學，並以對自然與自我的認知成為農耕文化之核心。

This study attempts to analyse the historical relation of land, farming and people by the case of An Keng vegetable patches in the peri-urban area of Taipei City. By exploring the development impact on the urbanization of farming villages, as well as the local cultivators' intention and life with vegetable patches on urban land without financial burden, the study tries to construct the farming culture of Taiwan. An Keng, the outskirts area of metropolitan Taipei, used to be an important area exporting tea. After World War II, by the influences of expansion of Taipei City and the industrialization of Xindian, An Keng began to provide the function of urban housing, known for its large-scale hillside communities, for crowded Taipei City. However, the out of order urbanization resulted in the late development of old An Keng area, and left the idle land originally waiting for the development to become the vegetable patches of local cultivators. Under the impact of urbanization, the patches become the last resort for the soul and body of cultivators. The patches bring comfort to the hardship and living difficulties of cultivators in early agricultural villages and industrialization era. Farming fulfills the habit of body labor on land, becomes the way to connect family and social relation, and develops the emphasis on natural and safe food system. The trace of agricultural An Keng becoming bedroom city reveals how the people, land and farming go from construction to fractions. However, the farming life on peri-urban area previously pursuing development is a reunion of human-land relation, establishes the harmonious living philosophy with nature, and become the core of farming culture through the cognition of eco and ego.