OurChain 上銀行間支付的流動性節省機制

Abstract

藉由提出一個點對點網路架構，區塊鏈展示出一個讓價值轉移更為透明且有效率的機會，並且不依賴任何中央權力，例如：政府或是央行。價值轉移是現實生活各種還是中心化的系統負擔中，可以藉由去中心化來確保信任和效率的一個例子。流動性節省機制代表解決多方交易時，部分交易方不滿足額度需求而無法直接進行轉帳的之價值轉移機制。藉由在這些價值轉移上使用淨額結算協議，流動性節省機制可通過計算各方累積額度抵銷量來同時結算這些價值轉移。這樣的流動性節省機制目前已經由掌控各方完整金額與交易資訊的各國央行全面運作。在本論文中，我將探討流動性節省機制在分散式環境中的可行性。我描述流動性節省機制設計並實作在OurChain上，OurChain是一個基於比特幣並支援智能合約的區塊鏈，其中關鍵的挑戰是在考慮隱私下更深入地了解去中心化設計該機制時的權衡。

Blockchain demonstrated the opportunity to transfer value with more transparency and efficiency by proposing a peer-to-peer network that can dispose of any central authority such as governments or central banks. Value transfer is an example among loads of real-life systems which remains centralized and which can be decentralized to ensure trust and efficiency. Liquidity Saving Mechanisms (LSM) refer to value transfers between parties that cannot proceed with their transfer because they do not own the required value for transferring at a given time. By using netting protocol on these value transfers, Liquidity Saving Mechanisms simultaneously settle these transfers by calculating their accumulated offset for each party. These mechanisms are currently fully operated by central banks which have a perfect information on each party’s owned value and transfers they need to make. In this study, I address the feasibility of a Liquidity Saving Mechanisms system in a decentralized environment. I also describe and implement a Liquidity Saving Mechanisms’ design in OurChain, a Bitcoin-based blockchain supporting smart contract wherein key challenges are unveiled to better understand the existing tradeoffs in decentralizing such mechanism under privacy consideration.