考慮產品時間價值與退貨再售比率下製造商最佳逆向供應鏈系統之研究

Abstract

由於近年來環保意識的抬頭,逆向供應鏈也受到越來越多的關注,產品製造商 除了投資在產品品質的開發,更要注意到消費者產品使用後的情形,包含售後服務、 產品回收等,都是重要的課題,而使逆物流逐漸成了研究重點。以往對於逆向供應 鏈系統設計往往以效率及成本為優先考量,但卻沒考量到產品時間價值的因素,忽 略了其中隱含的重大價值,因此注重反應速度的系統設計開始受到重視,令企業得 以發掘其中價值進而獲利。本研究之目的即為探討考慮產品時間價值及退貨再售 比率下,製造商之逆向供應鏈系統設計。 首先本研究將參考過去與逆向供應鏈系統設計相關的文獻,考慮產品價值、市 場需求、及退貨新品比率皆隨時間下降時,建構動態規劃模型以進行製造商系統選 擇與生產量決策,成本面則考量包括生產成本、重新包裝成本、額外成本、非新品 處理成本、運輸成本、庫存成本及缺貨成本,以極大化製造商利潤為目標進行求解。 最後,將各項參數以實際數字帶入進行數值分析,探討各項參數變化對於最佳 決策之影響,以提供製造商系統選擇的相關建議。本研究得到的分析結果為當產品 價值下降率及退貨新品比率下降率低時選擇「延遲」處理的系統;反之當兩者皆高 時,製造商應選擇「提前」處理的逆向供應鏈系統。

With the rise of environmental awareness in recent year, reverse supply chain has been given great attention and concerns. Manufacturers not only care about investment in development of product quality, but also to note the condition of products after use. Including service or product recycle are very important issues, all of these reasons let reverse logistics become the important research topic gradually. In the past, efficiency and cost often considered as the first priority for reverse supply chain system design. But forget to consider the product value of time, ignore the significant value inside. Then the system design for speed of responsive has been development, enterprises can explore the value inside and make profit. The purpose of this research is to optimal reverse supply chain system design by considering marginal value of time and product restock rate. First, we refer to the past literatures about reverse supply chain system design. Then build a dynamic programming model under situation of product value, market demand and new return rate decline with time to optimize manufacturers’ system choice and quantity of manufacture. Inside the objective profit functions of each scenario, produce cost, repackage cost, additional cost, handling cost, transportation cost, inventory cost and shortage cost are taken into account. In order to maximize profit for the manufacturer to solve the objective function. Finally, numerical analysis is done. According to the results of sensitive analysis, we discuss the impact of parameters changing and have some advice to manufacturer for system choice. The results reveal that when product value decline rate and new return rate decline rate are low, “postponement” system is the best choice; And conversely, when both are high, manufacturers should choose “preponement” reverse supply chain system.