學校風格對學生公民意識之影響──以台北市四所公、私立高中為例

Abstract

生命週期理論指出，高中階段是人們將許多政治知識概念化的時刻，其中學校教育扮演了重要角色。然而，在不同校風的學校中學習的學生，他們的想法是否依然相同？本研究旨在比較高中學生是否因為就讀學校的校風不同而產生公民意識的差異。公民意識採用郭秋永的定義，聚焦於公民是否擁有「公開質疑政治權威」、「公開論述政策好壞」的能力。此外，亦就過去研究中公民權包含的政治義務、經濟社會權利等面向，以及廣義的公民權如政治效能感、政治信任、政治參與等層面進行測量。本研究以四所台北市的公�私立高中作為研究個案，以問卷調查的方式蒐集資料。兩所公立高中（國立師大附中、國立政大附中）以自由開放校風著名；兩所私立高中（私立薇閣中學、私立復興實驗中學）則以嚴格管教注重升學著稱。使用複迴歸分析檢驗七個主要假設，發現公�私立學校在「公民意識」、「政治義務」、「社會的政治效能感」等三個假設具有統計顯著性，公立學校的學生表現較佳。再者，若以學生認知的校風自由度作為自變項分析，幾乎在所有假設中皆具有統計顯著性，表示當學生認為自己的學校越自由時，學生的公民意識較高。

Life cycle theory indicates that people conceptualize their political knowledge during the high school period. School education especially plays an important role. We did this study to find out whether students studied in schools with difference in school climates have variations in their consciousness. This article used Chiu-Yeoung Kuo’s definition of consciousness of citizenship that focus on whether the civic have ability to criticize political authority or comment on policy in public. Furthermore, this article measured political duty and social right, which is the main concept in citizenship. Political efficacy, political trust, political participation were measured as well. Four schools were chosen to be our study cases. Two public schools (The Affiliated Senior High School of National Taiwan Normal University and The Affiliated High School of National Chengchi University) were known as open atmosphere, in contrast with two private schools (Taipei Wego Private Bilingual Senior High School and Taipei Fuhsing Private School) were known as strict discipline to students. We used multiple regressions to test seven main hypotheses, the hypothesis of “consciousness of citizenship”, “political duty” and “political efficacy” were statistical significant. The result shows that students in public school have better consciousness of citizenship. Furthermore, school climate in students’ mind as an independent variable was statistical significant in almost all dependent variables. When students think their school climate is open, their consciousness of citizenship rather higher.