台灣番茄產業之產銷分析－以台南市為例

Abstract

本研究主要探討台南市種植番茄的農民在番茄栽培管理、生產及運銷上的產業概況，以郵寄、電訪與面訪的方式進行問卷調查。對問卷所收集的資料進行統計分析，分析項目包括:田間栽培管理、生產方式、生產成本、收入與利潤、經營規模、運銷通路、不同分級規格銷售價格等。所得到的研究結論如下: （一）農民不同栽培方式產生的利潤比較，受訪農民以設施栽培番茄有17戶，農民以設施方式栽培利潤最高平均$2,930.623元/公頃；設施栽培的利潤是傳統露天栽培的4倍多。 （二）農民不同栽培面積產生的利潤比較，受訪農民種植面積0.5公頃以下有53人的利潤最高平均$1,621,944元/公頃。農民大都夫妻2人共同負責田間栽培管理，無力擴充經營更大耕作面積。 （三）農民全年栽培次數以1年2次栽種番茄的利潤最高，平均$2,629,494元/公頃；1年2次栽種番茄的利潤是1年栽種1次的2.5倍。 （四）農民自行銷售為運銷通路的利潤最高，台南市地區種植番茄農民選擇的通路有行口、果菜市場、合作社、契作商與自行銷售等銷售管道，農民選擇二個以上的銷售通路占41.43%。由數據分析出19位農民以自行銷售為運銷通路的利潤最高平均$2,701,378元/公頃。48位農民選擇果菜市場運銷的利潤最低平均$645,360元/公頃。 （五）農民栽種小果番茄比種大果番茄利潤高，因消費市場對小果番茄的需求量增加，所以小果番茄新進農戶也增多。小果番茄平均利潤為$40元/公斤，大果番茄平均利潤為$26元/公斤，種小果番茄比種大果番茄平均利潤多$14元/公斤。

The study mainly researches the industrial profiles of cultivation management， agriculture production and marketing for tomato farmers in Tainan。The questionnaire surveys were conducted by email，telephone polling, and visit interview。Statistic analysis was carried out based on information collected from the respondents。It includes：field-grown management，growing methods、 growing cost、revenue、profit、operation scale、marketing channels、different grading levels and market prices。Those information helps lead to the conclusion as following： (1)Twelve farmers among the interviewees adopt protected cultivation and they obtained the most profit NTD2,930,623 per hectare which is 4 times as much as traditional open field cultivation。 (2)Fifty-three farmers whose growing areas less than 0.5 hectare have the most profit- Average profit NTD1,621,944 per hectare。Most of them are couples in charge of field cultivation management and are incapable of expanding farming areas。 (3)Usually farmers grow tomato biannually have more net profit comparing to the others。Fourteen farmers grow tomatoes biannually with profit NTD2,629,495 per hectare and their revenue is 2.5 times as much as those who grow tomatoes once a year。 (4)There are 19 farmers who are independent self-employed earns the most profit NTD2,701,378 per hectare。 48 farmers using fresh market have the lowest profit NTD645,360 per hectare。 (5)Growing small size tomato have more profit comparing to bigger size, which due to more demand for former one; no wonder more small size tomato growers this days. Net profit for small size tomato is around NTD 40 /kg，while bigger size NTD 26/kg, small size one have NTD 14/kg more net profit than bigger size.。