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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 廖淑貞(SHWU-JEN LIAW) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Hong-Han Chen | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 陳弘翰 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-16T08:10:14Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2020-08-27 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2020-08-27 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2020 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2020-07-28 | |
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Influence of Pili on the Virulence of Proteus mirabilis in Experimental Hematogenous Pyelonephritis. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 138, 664-667 (1978). 6. Mobley, H.L., Island, M.D. Hausinger, R.P. Molecular biology of microbial ureases. Microbiological Reviews 59, 451-480 (1995). 7. Drechsel, H., Thieken, A., Reissbrodt, R., Jung, G. Winkelmann, G. Alpha-keto acids are novel siderophores in the genera Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella and are produced by amino acid deaminases. Journal of Bacteriology 175, 2727-2733 (1993). 8. Walker, K.E., Moghaddame-Jafari, S., Lockatell, C.V., Johnson, D. Belas, R. ZapA, the IgA-degrading metalloprotease of Proteus mirabilis, is a virulence factor expressed specifically in swarmer cells. Molecular Microbiology 32, 825-836 (1999). 9. Braun, V. Focareta, T. Pore-forming bacterial protein hemolysins (cytolysins). Crit Rev Microbiol 18, 115-158 (1991). 10. Mobley, H.L., Chippendale, G.R., Swihart, K.G. Welch, R.A. 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Evaluation of adherence, hydrophobicity, aggregation, and biofilm development of Flavobacterium johnsoniae-like isolates. Microbial ecology 55, 1-14 (2008). 51. Gu, W., Farhan Ul Haque, M. Semrau, J.D. Characterization of the role of copCD in copper uptake and the ‘copper-switch’ in Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b. FEMS Microbiology Letters 364 (2017). 52. Viala, J.P. et al. Sensing and adaptation to low pH mediated by inducible amino acid decarboxylases in Salmonella. PLoS One 6, e22397 (2011). 53. Kumar, S., Tiwari, V. Doerrler, W.T. Cpx-dependent expression of YqjA requires cations at elevated pH. FEMS Microbiol Lett 364 (2017). 54. Alamuri, P., Eaton, K.A., Himpsl, S.D., Smith, S.N. Mobley, H.L. Vaccination with proteus toxic agglutinin, a hemolysin-independent cytotoxin in vivo, protects against Proteus mirabilis urinary tract infection. Infect Immun 77, 632-641 (2009). 55. Gouran, H. et al. The Secreted Protease PrtA Controls Cell Growth, Biofilm Formation and Pathogenicity in Xylella fastidiosa. Sci Rep 6, 31098 (2016). 56. Arenas, J., Nijland, R., Rodriguez, F.J., Bosma, T.N. Tommassen, J. Involvement of three meningococcal surface-exposed proteins, the heparin-binding protein NhbA, the alpha-peptide of IgA protease and the autotransporter protease NalP, in initiation of biofilm formation. Mol Microbiol 87, 254-268 (2013). 57. Furlong, E.J. et al. Disulfide isomerase activity of the dynamic, trimeric Proteus mirabilis ScsC protein is primed by the tandem immunoglobulin-fold domain of ScsB. J Biol Chem 293, 5793-5805 (2018). 58. Thomassin, J.L. et al. The CpxRA two-component system is essential for Citrobacter rodentium virulence. Infect Immun 83, 1919-1928 (2015). 59. Cao, Q. et al. Haemophilus parasuis CpxRA two-component system confers bacterial tolerance to environmental stresses and macrolide resistance. Microbiological research 206, 177-185 (2018). 60. Armbruster, C.E. et al. Genome-wide transposon mutagenesis of Proteus mirabilis: Essential genes, fitness factors for catheter-associated urinary tract infection, and the impact of polymicrobial infection on fitness requirements. PLoS pathogens 13, e1006434 (2017). 61. Debnath, I. et al. The Cpx stress response system potentiates the fitness and virulence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 81, 1450-1459 (2013). 62. Humphreys, S. et al. Role of the two-component regulator CpxAR in the virulence of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium. Infect Immun 72, 4654-4661 (2004). 63. Slamti, L. Waldor, M.K. Genetic analysis of activation of the Vibrio cholerae Cpx pathway. J Bacteriol 191, 5044-5056 (2009). 64. Spinola, S.M. et al. Activation of the CpxRA system by deletion of cpxA impairs the ability of Haemophilus ducreyi to infect humans. Infect Immun 78, 3898-3904 (2010). | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/58283 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 奇異變形桿菌為格蘭氏陰性尿道致病菌，特別是長期使用導尿管之病患身上，常造成伺機性感染。CpxAR是一個雙組成系統，CpxA接收外界訊息後，會磷酸化CpxR而調控下游基因表現，我們分析cpxA及cpxR突變株的表現型。結果發現cpxA突變株不影響其表現型，但cpxR突變株其生物膜生成能力、抵抗銅、H2O2、酸性及鹼性環境能力、在巨噬細胞的存活率及老鼠colonization皆下降。 我們之前發現zapABCD和生物膜生成有關，此operon encodes IgA蛋白酶 (ZapA)、type I secretion system (ZapBCD); 1-2.5 mM銅會促進 P. mirabilis生物膜生成;而銅已知會活化CpxAR。此研究我們發現1 mM銅會活化CpxR增加zapABCD表現，而ZapBCD 和exopolysaccharide及eDNA等黏附因子的分泌皆有關，故可能影響initial adhesion而影響Cpx活化。而zapD及cpxR突變株其Mrp fimbriae (mrpA)的表現量皆下降，因而影響autoaggregation及細胞黏附能力。接著分析H2O2及銅的抵抗能力，我們發現0.1 mM 銅會活化CpxR而增加scsABCD，文獻報導此operon與H2O2及銅的抵抗能力有關，我們發現scsA突變會影響H2O2抵抗能力，但scsBCD突變不影響銅的抵抗能力。H2O2會使cpxR及scsA mRNA表現量上升，並且確認0.1 mM 銅是透過CpxR活化scsA而使細菌對H2O2抵抗能力上升。另外我們發現1 mM銅會活化CpxR而增加copCD表現， CopCD參與銅的運送，文獻報導其與抗銅的能力有關。此外CpxR會調控gadBC而影響細菌的抗酸能力，10 mM glutamate或glutamine會提高細菌抗酸能力，此能力有利於尿素酶活性。我們發現在酸性環境下， GadBC可將medium去酸化，促進尿素酶活性，進而影響細菌尿結石生成。最後我們發現鹼性環境會活化Cpx而增加YqjA (離子通道蛋白) 表現，此蛋白質已被報導與抵抗鹼性能力有關，並發現在鹼性環境下，Cpx也會調控P. mirabilis特有的重要毒力因子cytotoxin Pta。 在本次研究中，Cpx在抵抗銅、H2O2、酸性及鹼性環境能力、生物膜生成及Pta表現都扮演重要的角色，因而能影響在巨噬細胞的存活率及老鼠colonization。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | Proteus mirabilis, a gram negative and frequent uropathogen, often casuses opportunistic infection especially in patents with long-term use of urinary catheters. CpxAR is a two-compoenet system. When CpxA responds to environmental cues, it will kinase CpxR to regulate downstream genes. We analyzed the phenotypes of cpxA and cpxR mutants. We found that cpxA mutant didn’t have any impact, but cpxR mutant had significantly lower biofilm forming ability, the resistance to copper, H2O2, acid, and alkaline, survival in macrophage and colonization in mice. We have found zapABCD related to biofilm forming. ZapABCD is an operon encoding IgA protease (ZapA) and type I secretion (ZapBCD). Also, wild type had better biofilm forming ability in 1-2.5 mM copper. As is known, copper could activate CpxAR. In this study, we found CpxR could be induced in 1 mM copper to increase the expression of zapABCD related to adhesion factors such as exopolysaccharide and eDNA which might influence the activation of Cpx. In addition, the expression of mrpA in zapD and cpxR mutants was lower, which influenced the ability of autoaggregation and cell adhesion. Second, we analyzed the resistance to H2O2 and copper. We found CpxR could be induced in 0.1 mM copper to increase the expression of scsABCD. According to another study, the operon was related to the resistance to H2O2 and copper. We found scsA mutant had significantly lower the resistance to H2O2, but scsBCD mutant had no impact on the resistance to copper. The expression of cpxR and scsA could be promoted in 30 mM H2O2. We also confirmed the pathway that wild type had better the resistance to H2O2 in 0.1 mM copper was based on the activation of CpxR in 0.1 mM copper to enhance the expression of scsA. Additionally, CpxR could be induced in 1 mM copper to increase the expression of copCD involved in copper transporter and the resistance to copper. What’s more. CpxR could regulate gadBC to influence the resistance to acid. It could also improve the resistance to acid in 10 mM glutamate and glutamine, which had a great benefit to urease activity. In acid, GadBC could deacidify the medium and promote urease activity to influence urinary stone. Last, in alkaline, we found Cpx could be induced to regulate YqjA and cytotoxin Pta respectively related to the resistance to alkaline and the important virulence factor in P. mrirabilis. In this study, Cpx plays an important role in the resistance to copper, H2O2, acid, and alkaline, biofilm forming ability, and Pta to influence survival in macrophage and colonization in mouse. | en |
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| dc.description.tableofcontents | 目錄 致謝 i 目錄 ii 摘要 vi 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 奇異變形桿菌 (Proteus mirabilis) 介紹 1 第二節 Two component system及Cpx的介紹 4 第三節 研究動機與目的 5 第二章 實驗設計、材料與方法 6 第一節 實驗設計 6 第二節 實驗材料 7 第三節 分析毒力因子及表現型 9 第四節 建築質體方法 18 第五節 基因表達 32 第三章 實驗結果 34 第一節 P. mirabilis Cpx特性及表現型分析 34 第二節 在銅環境下，Cpx對生物膜生成能力之分析 38 第三節 在銅環境下，Cpx對H2O2及銅的抵抗能力之分析 45 第四節 酸性抵抗能力及其他毒力因子之分析 52 第五節 討論與結論 59 第四章 表 64 參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………..69 附錄……………………………………………………………………………..……74 期刊發表及得獎紀錄………………………………………………………..………86 圖目錄 圖一、Proteus mirabilis之Cpx示意圖 34 圖二、cpxA及cpxR突變不影響生長、運動性及尿素酶活性 35 圖三、cpxR突變影響生物膜生成及抵抗壓力的能力 36 圖四、cpxR突變影響抵抗巨噬細胞毒殺的能力及老鼠colonization 37 圖五、在銅環境下，細菌的生物膜生成變高 38 圖六、zapABCD之蛋白質比對及transcriptome分析 39 圖七、銅活化CpxR而調控CpxR regulon, zapABCD, cpxR , and cpxP 40 圖八、cpxR、zapA及zapD突變影響生物膜生成能力 41 圖九、突變株其IgA蛋白酶活性、eDNA及EPS分泌降低 42 圖十、cpxR及zapD突變株其纖毛表現降低 43 圖十一、銅促進H2O2抵抗能力 45 圖十二、銅活化CpxR而調控scsABCD 46 圖十三、scsA過度表現促進H2O2抵抗能力 47 圖十四、scsA及scsBCD突變株建構 48 圖十五、scsA突變影響H2O2抵抗能力及抵抗巨噬細胞毒殺的能力 49 圖十六、銅活化CpxR而調控copCD 50 圖十七、Cpx調控gadBC 52 圖十八、胺基酸影響酸性抵抗能力 53 圖十九、gadBC突變株建構 54 圖二十、gadBC突變影響酸性抵抗能力及抵抗巨噬細胞毒殺的能力 55 圖二十一、cpxR及gadBC突變影響鹼化能力、尿素酶活性及尿結石生成 56 圖二十二、在鹼性環境下，Cpx會活化而調控yqjA及pta 58 圖二十三、Cpx調控的基因及在泌尿道感染扮演的角色 63 表目錄 表一、實驗中所使用的菌株及質體 64 表二、實驗中所使用的引子 66 表三、人工尿成分 67 表四、不同細菌其Cpx突變株表現 68 附錄目錄 附錄一、P. mirabilis致病因子 74 附錄二、P. mirabilis表面移行現象 75 附錄三、E. coli中Cpx的調控 76 附錄四、NlpE在錯誤位置堆積或結構的改變而活化Cpx 77 附錄五、cpxR reporter in cpxA 79 附錄六、EMSA 79 附錄七、在不同pH值環境下的尿素酶活性 79 附錄八、E. coli中抗酸的機制 80 附錄九、Scs與Dsb蛋白功能相似 81 附錄十、Cpx調控T6SS effector operon 83 附錄十一、突變株建構流程 84 附錄十二、Confocal顯示cpxR及zapD突變株其生物膜生成能力下降 85 | |
| dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
| dc.subject | 奇異變形桿菌 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 毒力因子 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | CpxAR雙組成系統 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | gadBC | en |
| dc.subject | CpxAR two-component system | en |
| dc.subject | virulence factor | en |
| dc.subject | zapABCD | en |
| dc.subject | scsABCD | en |
| dc.subject | Proteus mirabilis | en |
| dc.title | 尿道致病性奇異變形桿菌中CpxAR調控致病因子之研究 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Regulation of virulence expression by CpxAR two-component system in uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 108-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 邱浩傑(HAO-CHIEH CHIU),楊翠青(Tsuey-Ching Yang) | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 奇異變形桿菌,CpxAR雙組成系統,毒力因子, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Proteus mirabilis,CpxAR two-component system,virulence factor,zapABCD,scsABCD,gadBC, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 86 | |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202001499 | |
| dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2020-07-29 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 醫學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 醫學檢驗暨生物技術學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 醫學檢驗暨生物技術學系 | |
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| U0001-1407202011134600.pdf 未授權公開取用 | 4.61 MB | Adobe PDF |
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