基於多準則決策方法之綠道網絡規劃模式

Abstract

本研究目的在於為城市地區之綠道建設提供一種綠道規劃模式。自Frederick Law Olmsted的第一條真正意義自然生態的綠道建成後，綠道因其可以促使人類與自然的和諧共存，成為了一種景觀規劃的新思路。雖然許多學者對綠道規劃進行了各種研究，但是之前的規劃方法沒有對綠道之綜合功能進行全面利用，本研究之重點是通過整合綠道相關領域之知識，找出影響綠道規劃之因素，將其融合進規劃模式中，並綜合綠道功能，建構出一套新的綠道網絡規劃模式。 這次研究為了兼顧考量綠道的人文社會功能以及自然生態功能，採用了多準則決策方法。網絡分析法（Analytic Network Process, ANP）可以評估作為綠道節點的嵌塊體之適宜性，評估準則包括景觀、物種保護、與周邊人類活動熱區之可及性、植被環境狀況、服務設施等7個；多目標規劃（Multiple Objective Programming, MOP）可以尋找最合適的廊道網絡，規劃目標包括綠道人文社會效用最大化以及自然生態效用最大化，並考慮成本、重複成本、功能、值域等限制條件。最後本研究選擇了臺北市之部分地區作為實例分析，採用專家問卷調查與Super Decision軟體進行ANP分析，以及Lingo軟體與權重法求解MOP問題，以檢驗規劃模式的合理性和可操作性，生成之綠道網絡規劃方案同時可以為臺北綠道規劃部分作參考。 通過本綠道規劃模式之建構，研究在學術上實現了跨領域之整合；MOP綜合考量了綠道之多種功能；ANP法使分析更接近實際；在實務上為實例之規劃區域提供了建設預算調整以及區域綠道建設之具體備選方案。

This research aims at developing a greenway network design model for a developed urban area. Since Frederick Law Olmsted built the Emerald Necklace, greenways had become a landscape planning strategy because it provide a new point of view of landscape conservation and make the harmonious coexistence of human and nature more possible. Though numerous researches had developed greenway planning methods, the previous methods did not completely deal with a greenway’s multiple functions including recreation, transportation and ecological conservation. So the main purpose of this study is to develop a new greenway planning model by integrating the factors and relative disciplines about greenway planning into the model. This study applies multiple criteria decision making approaches to develop a greenway planning model that considers human and ecological functions. The analytic network process (ANP) method is adopted to evaluate the significances of patches; and, the evaluation criterias include landscape metrics, species conservation, the accessibility to the hotspot of human activity, environmental vegetation situation and service facility. The multiple objective programing (MOP) method is used to formulate a network design problem for determining the optimal spatial distribution of greenways. The problem considers two objectives including maximum the utilities of human society and natural ecology, and the following constrains: cost, redundant cost, functions and range. To verify the rationality and applicability of the developed model, a case study of greenway planning in Taipei, Taiwan was conducted and concrete recommendation of greenway network alternatives were proposed to the city government. In the case study, expert survey and Super Decision package were applied in ANP analysis and Lingo package and weighting method algorithm were employed in MOP analysis. The proposed greenway planning model contributes to interdisciplinary integrations. The MOP model has comprehensively analyzed the multi-functions of greenways; the ANP evaluation made the model more practical; and, the case study could provide some useful advices for the practicing of greenway plan in terms of such as the budget adjustments and concrete alternatives.