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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 楊平世 | |
dc.contributor.author | Syuan-Jyun Sun | en |
dc.contributor.author | 孫烜駿 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-16T08:07:02Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2017-07-16 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2014-07-16 | |
dc.date.issued | 2014 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2014-06-14 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 藍美琪. 2010. 尼泊爾埋葬蟲(Nicrophorus nepalensis)(Coleoptera: Silphidae)野外個體活動時間、空間分布及親代對子代調節與親疏辨認之研究, 國立台南大學環境生態研究所.
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Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 74:389-392. Peterson, A. T., J. Soberon, R. G. Pearson, R. P. Anderson, E. Martinez-Meyer, M. Nakamura, and M. B. Araujo. 2011, Ecological niches and geographic distributions, Princeton University Press. Pukowski , E. 1933. Okologische Untersuchungen an Necrophorus F. Zeitschrift fur Morphologie und Okologie der Tiere 27:518 – 586. Rankin, D. J., K. Bargum, and H. Kokko. 2007. The tragedy of the commons in evolutionary biology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 22:643--651. Reeve, H. K., and B. Holldobler. 2007. The emergence of a superorganism through intergroup competition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104:9736-9740. Richerson, P. J., and R. Boyd. 2008, Not by Genes Alone: How Culture Transformed Human Evolution, University of Chicago Press. Robertson, I. C., W. G. Robertson, and B. D. Roitberg. 1998. A model of mutual tolerance and the origin of communal associations between unrelated females. 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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/58153 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 長久以來,科學家試圖解開人類與社會性生物適應各種陸域棲地的原因,其中一項可能的解釋為──合作行為促使人類與社會性生物成為生態上的優勢種,而佔據各種不同的生態棲位。尼泊爾埋葬蟲廣泛分佈於台灣的中海拔山區,以小群體的合作方式利用動物屍體為繁殖資源。由於利用屍體的昆蟲繁多,搶奪屍體激烈,因此埋葬蟲在異種競爭劇烈的環境會採取合作生殖的策略。本研究重要的發現為:第一,直接證明溫度梯度改變物種間的競爭角力。第二,直接證明合作行為對物種的競爭力有正面的影響,幫助物種棲位向外擴張。本研究以具有合作生殖特性的尼泊爾埋葬蟲 (Nicrophorus nepalensis) 做為實驗物種,沿著海拔梯度進行大尺度操縱性實驗,在自然條件下創造大群體與小群體的埋葬蟲,以操控社會性與非社會性的群體。此外,本研究也以加熱實驗增強蠅類分解屍體的競爭力,探究埋葬蟲合作生殖對抗種間競爭的生態結果。結果顯示大群體埋葬蟲沿著海拔與溫度梯度均有較高且穩定的繁殖成功率,而小群體埋葬蟲則只在中海拔有較高的繁殖成功率。在低海拔氣溫較高且種間競爭較強的環境,大群體埋葬蟲合作處理屍體的投資時間增加,也因此具有較高的繁殖成功率。實驗結果進一步顯示加熱屍體能增強蠅類的競爭力,減低小群體的繁殖成功率,而大群體卻能透過合作對抗蠅類的種間競爭。由此可知,小群體和狹適性物種相仿,而大群體埋葬蟲沿海拔與溫度梯度的繁殖表現則近似廣適性物種,透過合作促進生態棲位寬度擴張。透過瞭解合作行為的生態結果,本研究不但解釋了為什麼社會昆蟲能征服陸域生態系,也有助於瞭解氣候變遷如何影響人類與其他社會性生物的行為生存策略。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | The ability to form cooperative societies may explain why humans and social insects have come to dominate the earth. Here we examine the ecological consequences of cooperation by quantifying the fitness of cooperative (large groups) and non-cooperative (small groups) phenotypes in burying beetles (Nicrophorus nepalensis) along an elevational and temperature gradient. We experimentally created large and small groups along the gradient and manipulated interspecific competition with flies by heating carcasses. We show that cooperative groups performed as thermal generalists with similarly high breeding success at all temperatures and elevations, whereas non-cooperative groups performed as thermal specialists with higher breeding success only at intermediate temperatures and elevations. Studying the ecological consequences of cooperation may not only help us to understand why so many species of social insects have conquered the earth, but also to determine how climate change will affect the success of these and other social species, including our own. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-16T08:07:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-103-R01632002-1.pdf: 9030796 bytes, checksum: 67b7c365b085baa9fa758264abc6dc52 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 目錄
口試委員會審定書 I 誌謝 II 中文摘要 IV ABSTRACT V 目錄 VI 圖目錄 VIII 表目錄 IX CHAPTER 1 前言 1 CHAPTER 2 材料與方法 5 2.1 研究物種 5 2.2 自然環境下蠅類競爭力與尼泊爾埋葬蟲的表現 5 2.2.1 實驗樣區 5 2.2.2 屍食性昆蟲在大鼠屍體上的演替 6 2.2.3 尼泊爾埋葬蟲的群大小與繁殖成功率 6 2.3 不同環境下社會性對尼泊爾埋葬蟲的影響 7 2.3.1 尼泊爾埋葬蟲的採集 7 2.3.2 群體大小的操控 7 2.3.3 不同環境下蠅類的競爭強度 9 2.3.4 加熱屍體以操控蠅類的競爭強度 9 2.4 行為分析 9 2.5 統計分析 10 CHAPTER 3 研究結果 12 3.1 自然狀況下埋葬蟲的群大小與群體繁殖表現 12 3.2 尼泊爾埋葬蟲合作行為對生態棲位寬度的影響 12 3.3 尼泊爾埋葬蟲在不同環境下的合作與衝突 13 3.4 蠅類的種間競爭對尼泊爾埋葬蟲繁殖表現的影響 14 3.4.1 屍食性昆蟲在大鼠屍體上的演替 14 3.4.2 不同環境下蠅類的競爭強度 14 3.4.3 加熱屍體以操控蠅類的競爭強度 15 CHAPTER 4 討論 16 4.1 生態因子對埋葬蟲合作生殖演化的影響 16 4.2 合作行為促使尼泊爾埋葬蟲生態棲位擴張 17 4.3 未來研究方向 18 CHAPTER 5 結論 19 參考文獻 20 附錄一:期刊發表 42 附錄二:相關報導 63 圖目錄 圖 一、生物社會性形成的原因及其對生態棲位寬度的影響 23 圖 二、瑞岩溪自然保護區環境概況 24 圖 三、陷阱裝置圖 25 圖 四、臺灣南投縣實驗樣區沿海拔的空間分布 (24°5’ N, 121°10’ E ) 26 圖 五、自然狀況下埋葬蟲群大小與繁殖成功率沿環境梯度的變化 27 圖 六、自然狀況下埋葬蟲群體總投資 (單位:分鐘) 隨群大小的變化 28 圖 七、群體大小操控實驗陷阱裝置圖 29 圖 八、操縱性實驗控制大群體與小群體埋葬蟲的平均群大小 30 圖 九、大群體與小群體埋葬蟲繁殖成功率沿環境梯度的變化 31 圖 十、大群體與小群體埋葬蟲總投資時間沿環境梯度的變化 32 圖 十一、屍體完全消耗所需天數沿海拔梯度的變化 33 圖 十二、加熱組與控制組中蠅類豐富度與日間活動力沿環境梯度的變化 34 圖 十三、大群體與小群體平均每隻埋葬蟲社會衝突沿環境梯度的變化 35 圖 十四、蠅類種間競爭對屍體重量消耗的影響 36 圖 十五、自然狀況下蠅類競爭對埋葬蟲繁殖成功率的影響 37 圖 十六、加熱屍體對大群體與小群體埋葬蟲繁殖成功率與總投資時間的影響 38 表目錄 表 一、大鼠屍體演替前期各屍食性昆蟲的豐富度與科別鑑定 39 表 二、大群體與小群體埋葬蟲繁殖成功率沿環境梯度的變化 40 表 三、加熱屍體對大群體與小群體埋葬蟲繁殖成功率與總投資時間的影響 41 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 尼泊爾埋葬蟲合作行為促進生態棲位擴張 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Climate-mediated Cooperation Promotes
Niche Expansion in Burying Beetles (Nicrophorus nepalensis Hope 1831) | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 102-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.coadvisor | 沈聖峰 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 許鈺鸚,蕭旭峰,謝志豪 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 社會性,合作生殖,生態棲位寬度,埋葬蟲,狹適性物種,廣適性物種, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | sociality,cooperative breeding,niche breadth,burying beetles,specialist,generalist, | en |
dc.relation.page | 41 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2014-06-16 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 昆蟲學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 昆蟲學系 |
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