臺灣地區他殺致死案例有關防衛性傷口之分析

Abstract

在判定死亡方式的過程當中，人體所呈現之證據是非常重要的，其中猶豫性割痕或防衛性傷痕的判斷更能突顯其重要性。防衛傷是判斷他殺最好的依據。因此分析防衛傷的特性和存在與否也顯得很重要。本研究擷自2008年至2011年法務部法醫研究所所受理的司法解剖案例，在229例他殺案例當中，有119例（51.97%）他殺案件可判斷出防衛傷，其中男性佔有80例、女性佔有39例；受害者年齡分布以20歲至60歲最多，超過四分之三（78.99%）；所呈現的防衛傷之部位上肢遠多於下肢（上肢514個、下肢29個），其中又以手部和前臂最多（手部248個、前臂153個），並且廣泛出現在前後內外側。而左右側並沒有明顯的差異。傷口的形態有可能是銳器傷或鈍器傷。致死的原因則以胸部銳器傷造成的出血性休克為最多數（33.54%）。此外，沒有任何的證據可以說明飲酒跟防衛傷之間明顯的關聯。由於影響防衛傷的因素很多，尤其是毒藥物的使用，因此建議未來可以朝這一個領域加以研究。

In the diagnosis of manner of death, the presence of evidence on the body is especially important and necessary. Among them, the hesitation cuts or defense wounds are especially mandatory to differentiate suicide from homicide respectively. Therefore, it is important to analyze the characters of the defense wounds. In this study, totally 229 homicides were collected from the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Ministry of Justice , in which 119 homicides (51.97%) were examined for the presence of defense injuries. The number of male victims was 80, and the number of female victims was 39. More than three fourths among the victims were between 20 and 60 years old (78.99%). 514 defense wounds were found on the upper limbs, while only 29 defense wounds were found on the lower limbs. Most defense wounds located on hands and forearms (248 on hands and 153 an forearms), and were seen widely at both extensor and flexor sides. However, there was no difference between the left and the right side. All kinds of defense wounds (either sharp or blunt etiology) were possible. The most causes of death were the stab wounds in the chest (33.54%). There was no evidence to support the association between the occurrence of defense wounds and the consumption of alcohol in this study. Because of many factors affecting defense wounds (especially drugs)., I suggest, we could make further research in those associations in the future.