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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 林俊全 | |
dc.contributor.author | Ci-Jian Yang | en |
dc.contributor.author | 楊啟見 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-16T07:11:16Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2014-07-11 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2014-07-11 | |
dc.date.issued | 2014 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2014-07-07 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 水土保持手冊 1992。臺灣省水土保持局編印。1-1-1-5。
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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/57913 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 臺灣面臨極端降雨與氣候乾旱並存的天氣型態,可預見的未來,土壤流失的問題將會逐漸嚴重,不僅影響土地利用方式亦會造成地質災害,若能掌握土壤侵蝕,尤其是侵蝕過程與機制將有助於水土保持工作進行與後續科學研究之用。
本研究可分為室外降雨模擬實驗與室內水槽沖蝕實驗,室外實驗利用人工降雨機模擬高強度的降雨事件,選在臺南市龍崎區的泥岩邊坡進行土壤沖蝕實驗,並利用地面光達資料製作高精度數值高程模型,用於重建侵蝕過程並量測土壤侵蝕量。考慮野外實驗難以模擬逕流對泥岩風化層的侵蝕作用,所以於室內實驗設計沖蝕水槽,利用樣區所採集的泥岩風化層為材料,模擬地表逕流侵蝕,配合地面光達測繪技術,記錄地表形態受侵蝕後的逐時變化。 研究結果顯示:(1)泥岩邊坡風化層水力侵蝕過程可分為四個階段,a.片狀侵蝕(Sheet erosion),約占總侵蝕量的6%;b.紋溝侵蝕(Rill erosion),約占總侵蝕量的54%;c.崩塌(Failure),約占總侵蝕量的28%;d.穩定(stable),約占總侵蝕量的12%。(2)有泥裂(mud-cracks)的沖蝕量比無泥裂的邊坡高125%,侵蝕速率快120%。(3)泥裂會影響紋溝發育形貌。(4)初期逕流沉積物濃度可達16g/ml,隨後降低至2-3 g/ml,隨後則會因紋溝發育而略有上升至4-5 g/ml。(5) 泥岩吸水回脹無論在土體乾燥或濕潤狀態,皆會影響邊坡侵蝕過程。(6)風化泥岩係母岩風化後的產物,且泥岩邊坡侵蝕具有侵蝕限制,故母岩需要經過數次乾燥-濕潤風化過程才得以產生足夠厚的風化泥岩讓蝕溝發育。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | In recent years, the whole world is facing the extreme rainstorm or drought due to global warming. For drought condition, the common micromorphology on dry soil is mud-cracks. It might cause serious problems on soil loss during high intensity rainstorms. It not only affects land use but also reduces slope stability. Therefore, for soil and water conservation, it is necessary to clarify the factors which may cause erosion, such as crack on soil erosion that we do not confirm yet.
This research aims to simulate rill development by hydraulic flume and artificial rainfall simulator to understand the influence of micromorphology on erosion process. Mudstone specimens sampled from the mudstone area of Long-Chi, south western of Taiwan. We used ground LIDAR to record volume of erosion and change of landform during experiment. The ground LIDAR data provides high resolution elevation value. therefore high-quality DTM can demonstrate more detail on terrain changes. Results show that: (1) The erosion pattern of mudstone slope can be divided into four types: (a) sheet erosion(b) rill erosion (c) Failure (d) stable.(2) Slopes with mud cracks caused 125% more soil loss than non-mud cracks slopes. Moreover, mud cracks caused 120% more soil loss rate than non-mud cracks slopes.(3) Mud cracks will influence the spatial distribution of rill.(4) As far as sediment concentration is concerned, the initial concentration of sediment will increase by slaking. After that it increase by rill development and failure. (5) Whether the states of sample are dry or wet, the phenomenon of swelling will affect water erosion. (6)The evolution of landform on mudstone slope has restriction of erosion. The existing landscape of badland might through the several drying - wetting succession. | en |
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dc.description.tableofcontents | 謝誌……………………………………………………………….………………… ...i
中文摘要………………………………………………………….………………… ..ii Abstract…………………………………………………………….………………. ..iii 目錄…………………………………………………………………………………....v 圖目錄………………………………………………………………………………..vii 表目錄………………………………………………………………………………....x 第一章 前言 第一節 研究背景說明 …………………………………………………………1 第二節 研究目的 ………………………………………………………………4 第二章 文獻回顧 第一節 全球尺度下的土壤侵蝕現況 …………………………………………5 第二節 影響土壤侵蝕的因子…………………………………………………..8 1. 通用土壤流失量估算公式…………………………………………8 2. 逕流與微地形的影響…………………………………..…………10 第三節 量測土壤侵蝕的工具…………………………………………………13 1. 水槽實驗應用於土壤侵蝕研究……………………….………….13 2. 人工降雨機應用於土壤侵蝕研究……………………….……….14 3. 地面光達應用於土壤侵蝕研究………………………….……….16 第四節 泥岩特性與侵蝕作用的關聯性………………………………………19 1. 泥岩之物理、化學與力學性質………………………….………..19 2. 泥岩邊坡侵蝕研究……………………………………….……….21 第三章 研究區概述 第一節 泥岩區地理分布………………………………………………………24 第二節 地質、地形特徵………………………………………………………27 第三節 氣象概況………………………………………………………………31 第四章 研究方法 第一節 研究概念………………………………………………………………46 第二節 研究流程………………………………………………………………51 第三節 實驗方法與步驟………………………………………………………52 1. 室外人工降雨試驗…………………………………………..……52 2. 室內沖蝕水槽試驗…………………………………………..……61 第五章 研究結果 第一節 室外人工降雨實驗……………………………………………………72 第二節 室內水槽沖蝕實驗……………………………………………………85 第三節 實驗結果小結………………………………………………………..120 第六章 討論 第一節 泥岩風化層侵蝕型態轉變……………………………………..……123 第二節 泥裂在水力侵蝕過程的影響…………………………………..……129 第三節 蝕溝地形演育模式與侵蝕限制………………………………..……134 第七章 結論與建議 第一節 結論…………………………………………………………..….…….137 第二節 未來研究建議………………………………………………………..139 第八章 參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………141 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 風化泥岩的水力侵蝕過程與機制 | zh_TW |
dc.title | The Process and Mechanism of Water Erosion on Mudstone Regolith – a case study in Taiwan | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 102-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 李建堂(ctlee@ntu.edu.tw),沈淑敏 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 風化泥岩,土壤侵蝕,人工模擬降雨,地面光達,水槽實驗,紋溝發育, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | mudstone regolith,soil erosion,artificial rainfall simulator,LIDAR,flume experiment,rill development, | en |
dc.relation.page | 149 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2014-07-07 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 理學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 地理環境資源學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 地理環境資源學系 |
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