以聯合分析法探討中高齡者對鄰里公園環境屬性的偏好

Abstract

從過去世界衛生組織曾提及活躍老化、高齡友善城市等概念可得知都市綠地對於人類晚年生活扮演了重要角色。近年也有許多探討老年人對於環境需求的研究，整理調查結果能夠初步了解老年人所需，然而資源有限，縣市政府在分配預算至每一個鄰里公園時所剩的資金固然無法在短時間內進行公園整體的改善，本研究希望進一步了解中高齡者對鄰里綠地空間的哪些環境屬性更為重視或需要，以建立未來進行公園改善項目的優先順序。 本研究目的為尋找影響中高齡者選擇鄰里公園時所重視的環境屬性以及屬性間的相對重要性。研究方法首先以文獻回顧整理出中高齡者到訪鄰里公園時的32項初步環境屬性，再以集群分析K平均數法的統計方式篩選出9項重要環境屬性 並分別討論出每項屬性對應的水準項目，接著將這些屬性的水準以直交設計的方 式產生16個受測體組合方案，並將這些方案以文字描述結合圖片模擬的呈現方式 搜集受測者的偏好評分資料。 藉由聯合分析蒐集受測者對每項方案的評分，可以間接測量出每項屬性水準 的成分效用值與屬性之間的相對重要性。研究結果發現中高齡者到訪鄰里公園時 最在意夜晚照明程度(相對重要性 27.156%)、其次為廁所有無(相對重要性 12.215%)、喬木所形成的陰影(相對重要性 10.007%)。綜合此結果與過去相關 文獻討論，得知老年人之所以會排斥缺乏充足照明的黑暗環境有很大的原因來自 於心理上的不安全感，認為自身沒有能力面對而產生恐懼感，因此夜間照明是中高 齡者所重視的。最後以各項人口特性與公園使用行為及個別受測者之屬性相對重 要性為基礎將全體受測者分群討論，期望本研究結果未來可應用於進行鄰里公園 新建或改善時參考，將資源最有效地運用。

The World Health Organization mentioned the concepts of active aging and global age-friendly cities. It can be seen that urban green space plays an important role in later life. In recent years, there have been many studies on the needs of the elderly for the environment, and the results of the investigation can be used to understand the needs of the elderly. However, resources are limited, and the funds left by the city governments to allocate budgets to each neighborhood park certainly cannot improve the overall park within a short period of time. This study hopes to further understand which environmental attributes of the green space in the neighborhood are more important or necessary for the middle-aged and older people, so as to establish the priority of future park improvement projects. The research method first sorted out 32 preliminary environmental attributes by literature review, and then screened out 9 important environmental attributes by cluster analysis K-means method and discussed the corresponding Level items, then the level of these attributes is used by orthogonal design to generate 16 test subject combinations, and these plans are collected in the form of verbal description and picture description to collect the preference score data of the test subject. By collecting the scores of the subjects for each scheme through conjoint analysis, the relative importance between each attribute and the utility of attribute level can be measured indirectly. The results of the study found that middle-aged and elderly paid the most attention to the degree of night lighting (relative importance 27.156%), followed by the presence of toilets (relative importance 12.215%), and the shadows of trees (relative importance 10.07%) when they visited the neighborhood park. Combining this result with the related literature discussion, it is known that the reason why the elderly will reject the dark environment lacking sufficient lighting comes from psychological insecurity, thinking that they don’t have ability to handle, so night lighting is valued by middle-aged and elderly. Finally, based on various demographic characteristics, park usage behavior, and the relative importance between each attribute of individual experimental subject, all subjects are discussed in groups. It is expected that the results of this study can be applied to the construction or improvement of neighborhood parks in the future. Use resources most effectively.