建築物色彩與位置對視覺衝擊之影響

Abstract

有鑑於人為開發對視覺景觀產生不可回復的影響，視覺衝擊評估日顯重要，評估過程中通常會考量物件本身的造型、尺寸、色彩以及物件的放置基地等因子對視覺的影響，然而於現實生活中，往往都是造型與尺寸已經確定，能夠修改的範圍有限，且設置的基地也礙於現況的限制，因此唯有透過物件與環境的色彩相配合，方能降低視覺衝擊的產生，故本研究旨在了解建築物的色彩對於視覺衝擊的影響，並進而比較建築物放置於不同位置對於視覺衝擊的影響是否有所差異。研究中將明顯程度作為視覺衝擊程度的量測指標，然而明顯與否並不代表受測者偏好與否，因此於研究中再詢問偏好程度。另外，本研究期望以更客觀的方式了解視覺衝擊，因此進一步運用瞳位追蹤儀與問卷方式進行測量比較，了解兩者之間是否有相關。本研究分為兩階段，第一階段以PHOTOSHOP模擬240張照片，並計算建築物與背景的色彩對比，根據文獻回顧結果計算完全色彩對比、明度對比、彩度對比與色相對比作為本研究之色彩對比變項；評估方式為請受測者觀看照片後，以七點量表填答明顯程度與偏好程度，共獲得100份有效問卷。第二階段為透過第一階段研究結果，選取20張差異較大的照片作為瞳位追蹤實驗與問卷施測之依據。第一階段研究結果顯示不同位置的建築物對於色彩對比的明顯程度感受不同，而各色彩對比變項與明顯程度大抵呈現正相關，另外在色彩對比變項與偏好程度之關係，會因為位置不同，而產生不同的狀況，然而大致上完全色彩對比與明度對比和偏好是呈現倒U字型的關係，而在彩度對比與色相對比上為負相關。第二階段瞳位追蹤實驗結果發現，建築物的凝視次數越高，感受到的明顯程度就越高，但是與偏好程度並不相關。透過以上研究結果可瞭解建築物位於不同位置對不同色彩對比變項在視覺景觀中的衝擊程度會有不同，藉此建立可實際運用之視覺衝擊預測模型，做為未來景觀規劃之參考。

Human activities often cause an irreversible impact on the visual landscape; therefore, visual impact assessment has become an increasingly important concern. This assessment process usually concerns the influence of factors such as the object’s form, size, color and location in regard to the visual impact. However in reality, the object’s form and size are decided and cannot be easily modified. Since location is a restriction as well, we can only adjust the color of the object and the environment’s color to reduce the visual impact. The aim of this study is to investigate the visual impact of different colors, as well as to compare different locations of a building on visual impact. This study used the obviousness level for the visual impact measurement. However, obviousness cannot be viewed as equivalent to preference; thus, this study enquired regarding the subject’s preference level. Furthermore, this study used eye tracking to obtain a more objective perspective of visual impact, and compared the results between eye tracking data and the questionnaire results. This study is separated into two parts, the first part used the software PHOTOSHOP for simulating the study photos, and then calculated the contrast between the building and the background. The study calculated contrast by using an absolute color difference formula, a lightness formula, a chrome formula and a hue formula as the color contrast variables. The study then asked subjects to provide quantities of photograph obviousness and preference on a seven point Likert scale. A total of 100 valid questionnaires were collected. The second part used the results of the first part, and selected 20 photos with large differences for the eye tracking experiment and the questionnaire. The results of the first part showed that different building locations have different influences on the subjects’ subjective degree of obviousness. Color contrast and obviousness are positively correlated. On the relationship between color contrast and preference for different locations different results were derived. In general, absolute color contrast and lightness contrast have an inverted U curve relationship to preference. Chrome contrast and hue contrast are negatively correlated with preference. In the second part of the study, the results showed that higher building fixation counts have higher obviousness. However, we found no relationship between fixation counts and preference. Through this result, we discovered that different building locations have different relationships with color contrast and visual impact. By using the study results, we can establish the visual impact predicting model and contribute it to future landscape planning.