台灣媒體的中國因素--香港經驗參照

Abstract

九七香港回歸前後，中共開始透過三種方式介入將香港媒體，包括中資滲透與掌控人事；新聞置入與抽廣告；直接干預與暴力威脅。擅用「胡蘿蔔與棒子」策略，讓香港媒體自我審查日益嚴重，甚至在重大選舉前，更以各種方式控制媒體言論，以讓親中候選人能順利當選。中共對台統戰目標更加明確，開始複製香港成功經驗試圖介入台灣媒體。本研究發現，台灣由於政治環境與香港不盡相同，加上獨特媒體生態，北京除了以新聞置入、中資等香港經驗套用外，衍伸出幾種對台特殊的媒體操控方式：半公開的新聞置入宣傳、變相落地、收買名嘴、扶植競爭者手法、兩岸媒體交流高峰會以商逼政等。研究也發現，不只以往較為親中媒體，以台灣為市場的親綠媒體，言論也開始迴避中共敏感議題，原因是北京刻意以開放市場為誘因，換取去除反共或台獨敏感言論。加上兩岸媒體交流尚有許多制度與法制上漏洞，為了獲取更大利益，台灣媒體也開始頻繁出現尋租行為（Rent-seeking），未來付出成本就是台灣媒體第四權監督權責與國家利益。

After 1997, there are many phenomenon that shows Beijing’s expanding media influence in Hong Kong. The cozy ties between Hong Kong and China mean that editorial decisions can often be clouded by political and business concerns. Politically, more than half of the media owners in Hong Kong have been appointed to national political bodies in China, at the same time, yet with an ever-thinning bottom line, the harsh realities of commercial pressures have begun to make journalists practice self-censorship and chip away at editorial independence. Besides, more and more media leaders are being absorbed into China's political elite. Adding to concerns in the territory is a series of physical attacks on journalists, as well as steps taken by the local legislature that would hamper reporting. Hong Kong’s press freedoms are under siege. Meanwhile, in Taiwan, many media owners have close business ties to Beijing and are also vulnerable to financial intervention in the form of advertising by Chinese interests. The state of media freedom in Hong Kong and Taiwan is significant in part because news outlets in both places have in the past provided comprehensive, independent coverage of China, filling a gap left by the tightly restricted mainland press. This thesis used the case of Hong Kong to outline how China has sought to shape and influence Taiwanese media. According to the difference of current political status between Taiwan and Hong Kong, Taiwanese media may find a way to avoid China’s influence.