IFRS 7金融工具揭露議題及適用IFRSs之管理因應策略之研究 -以金融控股公司及銀行業為例

Abstract

截至2014年4月止，國際會計準則理事會(International Accounting Standard Board，以下簡稱「IASB」)共發布2013年版本共有41號公報數，而所有經金管會認可的IFRSs公報中，對金融業合併財務資訊揭露影響最重大且於適用國際會計準則之管理上，挑戰性最大的就是高度複雜IFRS 7「金融工具:揭露」(以下簡稱「IFRS 7」)及IFRS 13「公允價值衡量」(以下簡稱「IFRS 13」)，主要係金融業所持有之資產及負債部位(約超過八成以上)都是金融工具，金融業尤其是金融控股公司或銀行業，對於部位龐大的金融工具，如何在適用IFRSs特點下，於集團合併財務揭露資訊、提供給管理階層的管理資訊、主管機關表報資訊及集團於IFRSs導入前後管理機制及因應策略之重新建置與整合，所面對的主要衝擊與挑戰性都相當高。 本論文將從(1)探究IFRS 7「金融工具：揭露」及IFRS 13「公允價值衡量」(2013版本將於2015年適用)等公報背景、主要特性及細項揭露規定(2)擔任國內多家大型金融集團於IFRSs導入實務及目前擔任約4家金融控股公司之IFRSs財務報告審計及會計諮詢顧問之實務經驗(3)參考國外實務導入經驗及IFRSs財報揭露內容(4)國內IFRSs財報範例中有關IFRS 7及IFRS 13之揭露建議(5)2013年度金融業合併財務報告有關金融工具的合併揭露資訊等多面向角度，來探究我國金融業(包括金融控股、銀行、保險、證券等)(1)適用IFRS 7所面臨及IFRS 13將面臨各項合併揭露資訊的議題、集團於資訊整合上的挑戰及導入應建置事項及執行步驟(2)IFRSs導入前、後於集團管理上的挑戰與因應策略，包括可新增之內部控制作業項目及內部稽核應注意事項(3)IFRSs導入後對金融監理可能之影響與因應策略等議題，提供概要且重點式的建議，相信對金融業未來強化資訊揭露品質、透明度及允當度，及導入IFRSs前、後之管理監控機制之建置或強化，具有相當大的參考價值。本論文同時將選擇4家金融控股公司2013年度合併財報探究實際揭露情形，及選擇1家金融股集團探究IFRSs導入前、後所建置的管理監控機制與因應策略為例，來佐證所探究論點及提出各項揭露議題之建議因應策略，及IFRSs導入前後應建置的各項管理監控機制之允當性及可執行性。 本論文研究顯示我國金融業(1)於首次適用IFRSs合併財務報告中金融工具的實際揭露情形，量化資訊遠多於質性說明，而量化資訊卻有相當多關鍵揭露議題及資訊的允當性、合理性及重覆性應持續注意與釐清(2)部分揭露資訊非完全來自企業內部提供給主要管理階層之資訊(3)在法令報表資訊、管理階層的管理報表資訊及IFRSs財務報導所需揭露資訊等三者之間，資訊缺口未能完整辨認系統亦未整合為一，合併報告所需財務揭露資訊多數還是半人工(4)金融業於IFRSs導入前、後已建置基本的管理監控機制(5)導入後各項必要的管理項目之整合及應用相關轉換及管理程序於日常營運中之成果，已有初步的建置及實務運作中(6)稽核部門對於IFRSs轉換後之管理機制之設置及執行有效性之評估能力及掌握度須強化(7)IFRS 7公報所需揭露資訊之熟悉度、理解度、專業判斷度及教育訓練都不足。 本論文研究也顯示，IFRSs導入主要的成功關鍵在(1)董事會要定期且主動評估和監督管理階層於適用IFRSs之管理其監控機制及執行有效性，以避免影響財務資訊品質及報導的風險(2)因應採用IFRSs後相關公報之管理，管理階層應持續建置管理監控流程及議題別的教育訓練規劃，以強化各管理階層的應變能力(3)因應IFRSs合併財務報導流程之資訊系統整合、建置及管理應持續，且應定期檢視及覆核，評估其可靠性、可行性及及時性，以符合內控目標及財務資訊品質 (5)對子公司導入IFRSs之管理及監控機制應持續建置及評估執行的有效性。

As of April, 2014, there were 41 International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRSs”) issued by International Accounting Standard Board (IASB), and out of the IFRSs endorsed by Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC), the ones having the highest challenge and a high degree of complexity are IFRS 7 “Financial Instruments: Disclosure” and IFRS 13 “Fair Value Measurement”. They have the significant impact on financial industry’s consolidated financial information and the management of the adoption of International Accounting Standards can also applicable to them. Given the fact that the position of assets and liabilities (roughly over 80%) held by the financial industry is all for financial instruments and in the face of the enormous position of financial instruments, how the financial industry, especially financial holding companies or the banking industry, discloses their group consolidated financial information, provides the management with management information and competent authorities’ statement information, and re-establishes and integrates their management mechanisms and copy strategies before and after the first time adoption of IFRSs under the features of IFRSs has turned out to be a critical issue. As such, the impacts and challenges faced by the industry are considerably high. By extensively (1) exploring the background, main features and detailed disclosure rules of IFRS 7 and IFRS 13 (the 2013 version will be applicable in 2015), (2) the practical experiences accumulated by the auditing and accounting adviser who has implemented IFRSs in many local large financial groups and has currently been responsible for auditing IFRSs financial reports of four financial holding companies, (3) foreign practice in providing the adoption of IFRSs and IFRSs financial report disclosure content, (4) the disclosure recommendations for IFRS 7 and IFRS 13 in local IFRSs financial report examples and (5) the consolidated disclosure information of financial instruments in the 2013 financial industry consolidated financial report, the paper has investigated (1) the issues faced by the Taiwan financial industry regarding the fact that IFRS 13 will be launched in 2015 while IFRS 7 is currently applicable, which will result in a variety of discussions on consolidated disclosure information, groups’ challenge over their information integration, and establishment of the items and conversion steps required for adoption of IFRSs,(2) group’s challenges and copy strategies in its management before and after adoption of IFRSs including the precautions of the internal control system and internal audits which can be added, and (3) the issues of the possible influence on financial supervision after adoption of IFRSs and copy strategies, in order to offer a brief outline and key recommendations. It is believed that the results could be a very valuable reference for the financial industry’s reinforcement of their information disclosure quality, transparency and adequacy in the future, and establishment or enhancement of their management monitoring mechanism before and after adoption of IFRSs. The paper also selected four financial holding companies to review their 2013 consolidated financial statement in attempt to find out their real disclosure status, and one financial holding company to probe its management monitoring mechanism and copy strategies established before and after adoption of IFRSs, in order to weigh in to prove the research major points, put forth recommendations for the copy strategies in relation to a variety of disclosure issues, and evaluate the adequacy and execution feasibility of various management monitoring mechanisms which should be established before and after adoption of IFRSs. The study found that, (1) the real disclosure of the financial instruments in the first-time adoption of IFRSs consolidated financial report shows that quantitative information is far more than qualitative elaboration and quantitative information has a good number of key disclosure issues, so Taiwan’s financial industry shall continue to pay attention to information adequacy, rationality and repetitiveness and clarify them, (2) some required disclosure of summary quantitative information is not based on the information provided internally to key management personnel of the entity, (3) among statutory report information, the management’s managerial report information and the disclosure information required by IFRSs financial reporting, the information gap cannot be completely recognized and the system is also unable to be integrated whereas the financial disclosure information required for preparing a consolidated statement is mostly half-manually collected, (4) the financial industry has already established the basic management monitoring mechanism before and after adoption of IFRSs, (5) after adoption of IFRSs, integration of required management items, application related conversion and application of the management procedure to daily operating have already been preliminarily set up and put into practice, (6) the internal audit department shall strengthen establishment of the management mechanism, its capacity of assessment of execution efficacy and domination after converting to IFRSs and (7) the familiarity, comprehensiveness, professional judgment and educational training of the disclosure information required by IFRS 7 all show insufficient. The study also indicates the major success keys in adoption of IFRSs as follows: (1) the board of directors shall periodically and proactively evaluate and supervise the management for the monitoring mechanism and execution efficacy in compliance with IFRSs, so as to avoid affecting financial information quality and reporting risk, (2) after adoption of IFRSs, the management shall continue to set up the management monitoring process and plan educational training by issue, so as to reinforce the adaptation capacity of all ranks of the management, (3) the information system integration, establishment and management in conjunction with the IFRSs consolidated financial reporting process shall continue and periodical inspection and recheck to evaluate their reliability, feasibility and timeliness shall be conducted in order to meet the goal of internal control and the quality of financial information, and (5) establishment of the management and monitoring mechanism of IFRSs introduced in subsidiaries shall continue and execution efficacy shall be assessed.