綠屋頂改善對用電影響之研究

Abstract

隨著全球暖化以及能源消耗等議題逐漸被各方關注，今建築物的節能效益也成為大家所探討的焦點，以期不論新建之建築物或既有建築物都能符合綠建築之標準及審查。而今一建築物在外殼進行隔熱會有較明顯的節能成效，綠屋頂就是其中一項選擇，且國外對於綠屋頂之推廣與相關法規的制定早已行之有年，故本研究將探討綠屋頂在我國的發展現狀與其在節能成效上之分析比較。 綠屋頂不僅具有屋頂隔熱的效果，對內的積極效益尚包含保護建築物甚至農業生產提升生活品質等，而對外則有調節都市氣候、減少降雨所產生的地表逕流以舒緩排水道系統的負荷，以及淨化空氣與水質等效用存在。此外，我國對於綠屋頂的獎勵機制與相關法規的制定也在逐漸發展並將在未來推廣之。 而今根據各級縣市政府對於綠屋頂的推廣計畫、私人企業與住家社區進行之綠屋頂改善工程案例，進行各類條件上的篩選後，選出九個適用案例，其中則有四個案例在頂樓有自己的獨立電表。此外，多數的綠屋頂改善案例也多以薄層式綠屋頂為改善時之選擇，另相較於北部的改善案例，南部的改善案例在數量則相對少了許多。 將頂樓具有獨立電表的案例先行分析比較後，除了建築物施作綠屋頂改善工程後節電效益大約有0.6%~11%，尚可得四個假設推論，並依照這四個推論以案例綜合比較驗證，得出「密集式綠屋頂的節電效益優於薄層式綠屋頂」、「密集式綠屋頂之夏季部分的節電效益會優於全年的節電效益」、「位於台灣南部的大面積薄層式改善案例之節電成效會較北部明顯」以及「薄層式綠屋頂在北部地區且為小面積的改善條件下，其節電效益才會優於大面積之改善」此四項假設在本研究所蒐集的案例中得以推論成立。

Green roof not only brings heat-proof effect, but also other internal benefit such as protection to the buildings, agricultural production and improvement of living qualities. What benefits it brings to the outside are improving city climate, reducing runoff to buffer the loading of drainage system, and purification of air and water etc… Moreover, Taiwan government is gradually enacting laws to popularize green roof and provides reward for buildings that adopt green roof. Based on the results of city and county’s policy of popularizing green roof, we have cases of private industry building or personal residence, and through a series of selection process, this study includes 9 appropriate cases which 4 of them equipped with individual electricity meter on the top floor. Most of the selected cases chose extensive green roof to be their improvements; at the meantime, quantity of improvements in northern Taiwan outnumbers there is in southern Taiwan. As this study analyzes the cases with individual electricity meters, we discover that buildings with green roof improvements are 0.6~11% more energy efficient; additionally, we conclude 4 hypothesis and then evaluate them by comparing each cases. The hypotheses: “intensive green roof is more efficient than extensive green roof”, “intensive green roof performance in summer is better than its yearly performance”, “efficient of a large area in southern Taiwan is more efficient than the northern” and “extensive green roof in the northern region and the conditions of improvement is small area” do hold in the study of all cases.