農產業六級化與農家農業收入之關聯性－以臺灣農業普查資料為例

Abstract

由於農業產值對總體經濟的貢獻長期低迷，活化農產業與提升農家福祉一直是政府制定農業政策之主要目標。近年來，臺灣政府積極推動「農產業六級化政策」，期許整合農產初級生產、二級加工及三級銷售服務，達成農產業升級並增加農家收入。此外，政府亦推動建置農產品初級加工場強化二級加工，藉以協助農產業六級化的推廣。因此，了解三個農產業部門對農家經濟的影響十分重要。 回顧過去文獻，已有許多探討初級產業和三級產業對農家經濟影響的相關研究，但二級產業的研究多著重於農產加工的技術層面，較少討論其對農家經濟的影響。有鑑於此，本研究以最新且具有全國代表性的2015年農林漁牧業普查資料，分析農家進行農產加工對其農業收入，以及對其參與第三級產業的影響。 本研究以semiparametric multivalued treatment effect model進行兩階段之實證分析。第一階段探討影響農家選擇進行農產加工之因素，第二階段則探討農產加工與農家農業相關收入之關聯性，以及農產加工與農家參與第三級產業的關聯性。主要實證結果顯示，進行農產加工能顯著提高農家農業收入，且自行加工較委外加工有更顯著的效果；此外，有進行農產加工之農家參與第三級產業的機率也較高。研究結果顯示「農產業六級化政策」的推行對於提升農民的農業收入有所幫助，且若農家設置農產品初級加工場進行自行加工將更有助益。

Improving farm household wellbeing and activating the agriculture industry have long been the main priorities of agricultural policies. The Sixth Industrialization in Taiwan aims to achieve these policy objectives by integrating the three industry sectors of agriculture. The government also encourages the establishment of agro-processing farm factories for self-processing promotion to support the Sixth Industrialization policy. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the economic impact of the three agricultural sectors on the agriculture industry. A considerable body of literature has focused on the economic impact of the primary and the tertiary agricultural sectors. However, prior studies on the secondary agricultural sector have mainly concerned the technical side of agro-processing instead of the economic side. This study contributes to previous studies by estimating the effect of agro-processing decisions on the farm economy. The 2015 agricultural census data of Taiwan was used for a thorough estimation. It is a nationally representative dataset and the latest wave of the agricultural census data. A two-stage empirical analysis was conducted using the semiparametric multivalued treatment effect model. Factors associated with agro-processing decisions were identified in the first stage, and the effect of agro-processing decisions on farm household agricultural income and on-farm diversification were estimated in the second stage. The main results suggest that agro-processing participation increases farm household agricultural income significantly, and the self-processing method is more effective than the outsourced-processing method. In addition, farm households with agro-processing participation are more likely to diversify into agritourism and other agribusinesses. These results imply that the approach of the sixth-industrialization of agriculture for improving farm household wellbeing in Taiwan seems reasonable and promising.