歐洲電影中的口譯員形象

Abstract

本研究旨在探究歐洲電影中的口譯員形象，採用內容分析法分析47部歐洲電影中60位口譯員之樣貌呈現。在參考口譯研究中對於口譯員角色，倫理與規範，及敘事學角色類型相關論述後建立編碼架構，試圖辨識歐洲電影中的口譯員面貌，包括其基本特徵、口譯專業表現與敘事角色類型（英雄、反派、靜態或動態角色等）。 研究結果顯示歐洲電影中口譯者角色形象相當多樣且豐富。口譯語言與口譯者國籍分佈廣泛，且場景多為逐步口譯；口譯員以年輕與男性較多數，多為非專業口譯員。 口譯專業表現方面，大多數口譯員遵守保密性與正直誠信原則，但有近半數違反中立原則，也有較多誤譯者；以口譯員角色分析歸類，則大多口譯者為單純翻譯者（傳聲筒），但也有一些扮演文化中介者、倡議者與機構代理人的口譯員角色，足見在這些歐洲電影中有許多對於口譯專業倫理議題的刻劃，如中立性，個人偏見，忠誠衝突等。 敘事角色編碼結果則顯示這些電影中的口譯者有超過一半是第一主角和次要角色，有不少動態人物，也有一半以上是立體人物，這表示有許多本研究中的歐洲電影以口譯者為其故事中的重要角色，並賦予其生動而多面的性格；角色類型則多為輔助者、戀愛角色與探索者。

This study aims to explore the images of interpreters in European films. Content analysis is adopted as methodology to analyze the portrayals of 60 interpreters in 47 European films. The coding scheme is designed based on theoretical discussions regarding interpreter roles and interpreter codes of ethics, as well as narrative character archetypes. The analysis seeks to examine the images of interpreters in European movies, including their demographics, professional conduct, and narrative character archetypes (hero, villain, static or dynamic characters, etc.). The results show that interpreter images in European films are diverse and multifaceted. The languages interpreted and interpreter nationalities are wide-ranging. Most interpreting scenarios are consecutive interpreting. Interpreter characters are mostly young and male. The majority of them are non-professional interpreters. In terms of professional conduct of the interpreters, the majority of interpreters comply with confidentiality and integrity principles. However, almost half of them are partial. There are also many inaccurate interpreters. In terms of interpreter roles, the majority of interpreters are translators (conduits), but there are also a number of cultural mediators, advocates, and system agents. This shows that there are many portrayals of interpreter ethics issues such as neutrality, personal biases, and conflicting loyalties in these European films. Coding results of narrative character archetypes reveal that over half of the interpreter characters are primary and secondary characters. There are many dynamic characters, and over half of interpreters are round characters. This is indication that many European movies in this study use interpreters as main characters in their stories. The interpreter characters are portrayed as having vivid and complex personalities. Their narrative roles are mostly helpers, love interests, and explores.