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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 李達源(Dar-Yuan Lee) | |
dc.contributor.author | Chien-Hui Syu | en |
dc.contributor.author | 許健輝 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-16T05:49:01Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2017-08-17 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2014-08-17 | |
dc.date.issued | 2014 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2014-08-09 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 戶刈義次。1963。作物學試驗法。東京農業技術學會印行。p. 159–176。
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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/56796 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 水稻砷污染的問題影響著食品安全及人體健康,因此近年來在全世界受到相當大的關注。位於台灣北部的關渡平原由於地質特性的關係,水稻田土壤受到嚴重的砷污染。儘管土壤中有高濃度的砷,過去的調查卻發現稻米中砷的累積量普遍低於 0.5 mg kg-1,本研究將探討其原因。本研究的目的為,首先探討關渡平原土壤中根部生成之鐵膜對於水稻幼苗砷吸收及累積的影響。接著比較台灣常見的28個水稻品種根部鐵膜生成量及對砷吸收能力之差異對於水稻幼苗砷累積的影響。最後,探討水稻品種間對砷的耐受性、吸收及傳輸之差異對於榖粒砷累積及物種分佈的影響。試驗結果顯示,水稻種植在關渡平原土壤中,根部生成的鐵膜可以阻擋大量砷,降低植體中砷的累積。本試驗證實,在高濃度砷污染的關渡平原土壤中,根部鐵膜為阻擋砷進入水稻植體主要的控制因子。選用的 28 個品種間根部鐵膜生成量及鐵膜累積砷的含量具有顯著差異,並且顯示大部份從土壤吸收的砷 (75.7-92.8 %) 可被累積在鐵膜。然而,由於大部分水稻品種種植於關渡平原土壤根部皆可生成足夠量的鐵膜來阻擋砷,導致品種間鐵膜生成量與植體中砷的累積沒有顯著的負相關。此外,由轉移因子的結果顯示,稉稻中砷由根部轉移至地上部的能力及地上部砷累積大於秈稻,代表砷在植體中的轉移能力對於植體中砷的累積可能也扮演重要的角色。因此,本試驗建議篩選砷吸收能力及轉移能力低的水稻品種種植於砷污染的關渡平原土壤。試驗結果也發現水稻受砷的毒害、根部表面高含量的鐵膜以及選用穀粒砷累積量較低的稉稻品種為關渡平原土壤穀粒砷濃度低的可能原因。然而,本結果同時也發現,水稻雖然種植於低砷濃度的關渡平原土壤,水稻穀粒卻有高濃度砷的累積,此因在水稻正常生長的狀態下,對於砷的吸收及在植體內的傳輸效率較高所導致。此外,水稻穀粒中主要的砷物種為雙甲基砷酸和三價砷, 榖粒中雙甲基砷酸所佔的比例會隨總砷濃度增加而增加,相反的,三價砷則是呈現下降的趨勢。本研究的結果除了有助於釐清影響關渡平原稻米砷累積的因子外,也可瞭解不同品種間砷吸收、傳輸及穀粒砷累積及物種分佈的差異。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | The problem of arsenic (As)-contaminated rice affects the food safety and human health, therefore, it received more concerns in recent years around the world. In the Guandu Plain located in northern Taiwan, the paddy soils suffered from serious As contamination due to the geological factors. Despite the high As concentration in the soils, the concentrations of As in rice grains were found to be below 0.5 mg kg-1 based on the past survey, we will investigate the reasons in this study. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of iron plaque formation on rice roots on the uptake and accumulation of As in rice seedlings grown in Guandu Plain soils, and to compare the differences in the amounts of iron plaque and capability of As uptake of 28 commonly rice genotypes planted in Taiwan and to investigate the effect on the As accumulation in rice seedlings. Finally, to investigate the influence of the As tolerance, As uptake and translocation capability on the As accumulation and speciation in rice grains among different rice genotypes. The results show that the iron plaque formation on rice roots can sequester most of As uptake from soils, reducing the accumulation of As in rice plants. This study provides evidence that iron plaque is the main controlling factor in limiting the uptake of As into the rice plants grown in Guandu Plain soils. There were significantly differences in the amounts of Fe and As in iron plaque of rice roots among 28 tested rice genotypes, and 75.7-92.8 % of As uptake from soils could be sequestered in iron plaque. However, due to the enough amounts of iron plaque formation on roots of all tested rice genotypes grown in Guandu Plain soils, leading to there were no significant negative correlations between the amounts of Fe in iron plaque and As in rice plants. In addition, the results of translocation factor indicates that the translocation capability of As from roots to shoots and the accumulation of As in shoots of japonica genotypes were higher than indica genotypes, it reveals that the As translocation capability in rice plants may also play a important role in the As accumulation in rice plants. Therefore, low As uptake and translocation capability genotypes of rice selected from this study can be recommended to be grown in As-contaminated Guandu Plain soils. It also found that the As phytotoxicity, high amounts of iron plaque on roots and select the low As accumulation japonica genotypes were the possible causes of the low As concentrations in rice grains grown in Guandu Plain soils. However, it discovered that the high concentrations of As accumulated in rice grains grown in low As concentrations soils, it may result from the high As uptake and translocation efficiency under normal growth conditions. In addition, Arsenic species in rice grains was dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and arsenite (As(III)), and the percentage of DMA increased with total As concentrations, and conversely, the percentage of As(III) decreases. The results of this study not only help to clarify the reasons of As accumulation in rice grains grown in Guandu Plain soils, but also understand the differences in As uptake, translocation in rice plants, and As accumulation and speciation in rice grains among different rice genotypes. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-16T05:49:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-103-D99623005-1.pdf: 2829638 bytes, checksum: f515d5afb078f7ec9430b224c84e5838 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 目錄
摘要 i Abstract iii 目錄 v 圖目錄 vii 表目錄 x 第一章、緒言 1 1.1 砷的來源 1 1.2 砷的污染 5 1.3 土壤中砷的生物化學特性 6 1.4 砷對人體的危害 10 1.5 砷對植物的毒害 11 1.6 水稻對砷的吸收及代謝機制 12 1.7 鐵膜與砷 16 1.8 水稻穀粒砷的累積及物種分佈 19 1.9 研究動機及目的 21 第二章、材料與方法 23 2.1 評估種植於砷污染關渡平原土壤之水稻根部鐵膜對水稻吸收砷的影響 23 2.1.1 供試土壤 23 2.1.2土壤基本性質測定 23 2.1.3 供試土壤前處理 25 2.1.4土壤浸水孵育試驗 25 2.1.5 盆栽試驗 26 2.1.6 水稻根部鐵膜分佈觀察 28 2.1.7萃取水稻根部鐵膜 28 2.1.8 XANES 分析鐵膜上砷之物種分佈 28 2.1.9 植體總砷、鐵、磷含量分析 29 2.1.10 統計分析 29 2.2比較不同水稻品種根部鐵膜砷累積及水稻植體吸收砷的差異 31 2.2.1供試土壤與基本性質測定 31 2.2.2 土壤浸水孵育試驗 31 2.2.3 盆栽試驗 31 2.2.4 統計分析 33 2.3 比較不同水稻品種對砷的吸收特性及榖粒砷累積及物種分佈之差異 34 2.3.1 供試土壤採集與基本性質測定 34 2.3.2 土壤孔隙水分析 34 2.3.3 盆栽試驗 34 a. 試驗使用之水稻品種 34 2.3.4 植株砷物種分析 36 a. 樣品製備 36 2.3.5 統計分析 37 第三章、結果與討論 41 3.1評估水稻根部鐵膜對水稻吸收砷的影響 41 3.1.1 供試土壤基本性質及總砷濃度 41 3.1.2 土壤溶液中鐵及砷的濃度 43 3.1.3 水稻根部鐵膜的生成 47 3.1.4 鐵膜中砷的累積 50 3.1.5 鐵膜中砷的物種分佈 52 3.1.6 砷在植體中的分佈 54 3.2比較不同水稻品種根部鐵膜砷累積及植體吸收砷的差異 57 3.2.1 供試土壤基本性質及總砷濃度 57 3.2.2 土壤溶液砷、鐵及可溶性有機碳濃度的變化 59 3.2.3 不同水稻品種根部鐵膜的生成 63 3.2.4 不同水稻品種鐵膜中砷的累積 63 3.2.5 植體中砷的累積 67 3.2.6 鐵膜中砷的物種分佈 67 3.2.7 砷在水稻植體中的分佈 71 3.3不同水稻品種對砷於榖粒累積及物種分佈的影響 75 3.3.1 供試土壤基本性質及總砷濃度 75 3.3.2 土壤孔隙水砷、鐵及可溶性有機碳濃度的變化 77 3.3.3 植物生長及榖粒產量 81 3.3.4 土壤砷濃度對水稻穀粒砷濃度的影響 85 3.3.5 不同水稻品種對水稻穀粒砷濃度的影響 91 3.3.6 不同土壤砷濃度及水稻品種對水稻穀粒砷物種的影響 92 第四章、結論 99 第五章、參考文獻 100 第六章、附錄 113 圖目錄 圖一、環境中砷物種轉變之途徑……………………………………………………8 圖二、砷在不同pH值與Eh值下物種之變化...……………………………………9 圖三、水稻田土壤中的砷物種轉變及移動性……………………………………...14 圖四、植物對砷的吸收及代謝……………………………………………………...15 圖五、種植於平鎮 (Pc) 、太康 (Tk) 、將軍 (Cf) 與關渡平原 (Gd3) 之水稻根部照片…………………………………………………………………………..……18 圖六、(a) 10 ppb 混合砷物種標準品和 (b) 白米參考物質 (ERM BC-211) 的 HPLC-ICP-MS 圖譜………………………………………………………………...39 圖七、穀粒總砷濃度與砷物種加總濃度之相關性………………………………...40 圖八、浸水孵育期間關渡平原土壤 (a) 溶液pH及 (b) 氧化還原電位的變化...44 圖九、浸水孵育期間關渡土壤溶液 (a) 鐵及 (b) 砷濃度的變化……………….45 圖十、鮮根橫切面正立顯微鏡圖像 (a) 根部表面鐵膜 (b) DCB萃取鐵膜後….48 圖十一、在不同砷濃度土壤中水稻幼苗不同部位的鐵濃度……………………...49 圖十二、在不同砷濃度土壤中水稻幼苗不同部位的砷濃度……………………...51 圖十三、三價砷、五價砷標準品及根部樣品的K-edge XANES 圖譜………….53 圖十四、浸水孵育期間關渡平原土壤 (a) 溶液pH及 (b) 氧化還原電位的變化 ……………………………………………………………………………………60 圖十五、浸水孵育期間關渡平原土壤溶液 (a) 可溶性有機碳 及 (b) 鐵濃度的變化……………………………………………………………………………………..61 圖十六、浸水孵育期間關渡平原土壤溶液砷及砷物種濃度的變化……………...62 圖十七、種植於關渡平原土壤中28個水稻品種根部鐵膜中 (a) 鐵及 (b) 砷含量 …………………………………………………………………………………....65 圖十八、種植於關渡平原土壤中28個水稻品種根部鐵膜中 (a) 鐵與砷及 (b) 鐵與磷之相關性………………………………………………………………………..66 圖十九、種植於關渡平原土壤中28個水稻品種 (a) 根部及 (b) 地上部砷含量 …………………………………………………………………………………..……68 圖二十、三價砷、五價砷標準品及 10 個水稻品種根部樣品的 K-edge XANES 圖譜……………………………………………………………………………………..69 圖二十一、種植於關渡平原土壤中28個水稻品種 (a) 根部鐵膜中砷與植體 (根部+地上部) 中砷含量及 (b) 鐵膜中鐵與植體中砷含量之相關性……………....73 圖二十二、浸水狀態下關渡平原土壤 (a) pH及 (b) 氧化還原電位的變化……78 圖二十三、浸水狀態下關渡平原土壤孔隙水 (a) 可溶性有機碳 及 (b) 鐵濃度的變化…………………………………………………………………………………..79 圖二十四、浸水狀態下關渡平原土壤溶液 (a) 砷及 (b) 砷物種濃度的變化….80 圖二十五、種植於關渡平原土壤下不同水稻品種 (a) 根部及 (b) 稻草生質量 ………………………………………………………………………………………..82 圖二十六、種植於關渡平原土壤下不同水稻品種 (a) 根長及 (b) 株高……….83 圖二十七、種植於關渡平原土壤下不同水稻品種榖粒產量……………………...84 圖二十八、種植於關渡平原土壤下不同水稻品種 (a) 榖粒 (精白後)、(b) 米糠及 (c) 稻殼之砷含量…………………………………………………………………...87 圖二十九、種植於關渡平原土壤下不同水稻品種 (a) 劍葉、(b) 稻草及 (c) 根部之砷含量……………………………………………………………………………..88 圖三十、種植於關渡平原土壤下不同品種根部鐵膜中 (a) 鐵及 (b) 砷含量….90 圖三十一、種植於關渡平原土壤下不同水稻品種 (a) 榖粒 (精白後)、(b) 米糠及 (c) 稻殼之砷物種百分比…………………………………………………………...94 圖三十二、種植於關渡平原土壤下不同水稻品種 (a) 劍葉及 (b) 稻草之砷物種百分比………………………………………………………………………………..95 圖三十三、種植於關渡平原土壤下不同水稻品種間穀粒三價砷百分比與米糠三價砷百分比之相關性…………………………………………………………………..96 圖三十四、種植於關渡平原土壤下不同水稻品種間 (a) 穀粒總砷濃度與砷物種濃度及 (b) 穀粒總砷濃度與砷物種百分比之相關性…………………………….97 表目錄 表一、不同國家土壤砷的背景濃度………………………………………………....3 表二、不同國家水稻榖粒砷含量範圍………………………………………………4 表三、修正之木村氏B配方水耕栽培液………………………………………….27 表四、感應耦合電漿質譜分析儀測定總砷之操作條件…………………………...30 表五、高效能液相層析儀串聯感應耦合電漿質譜分析儀分離砷物種之操作條件 ………………………………………………………………………………………38 表六、 關渡平原砷污染土壤之基本性質…………………………………………42 表七、種植於不同濃度關渡平原土壤中的水稻幼苗根長、株高及生質量……...46 表八、砷在植體中的含量、分佈及轉移因子……………………………………...56 表九、 關渡砷污染土壤基本性質…………………………………………………58 表十、10個水稻品種根部鐵膜砷物種分佈的LCF結果…………………………70 表十一、種植於關渡平原土壤中水稻植體中砷的含量、分佈及轉移因子……...72 表十二、關渡平原砷污染土壤之基本性質………………………………………...76 表十三、種植於關渡平原土壤下不同水稻品種植體中砷在不同部位間之轉移因子 ……………………………………………………………………………………89 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 水稻品種及根部鐵膜對關渡平原土壤中植體砷累積及物種之影響 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Effects of Rice Genotypes and Iron Plaque on Arsenic Accumulation and Speciation in Rice Plants Grown in Guandu Plain Soils | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 102-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 陳尊賢(Zueng-Sang Chen),鍾仁賜(Ren-Shih Chung),王尚禮(Shan-Li Wang),洪傳揚(Chwan-Yang Hong),陳仁炫(Jen-Hshuan Chen) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 水稻,水稻品種,鐵膜,砷,砷物種,關渡平原, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | paddy rice,rice genotype,iron plaque,arsenic,arsenic species,Guandu Plain, | en |
dc.relation.page | 117 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2014-08-11 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 農業化學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 農業化學系 |
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