以農地鎘濃度評析不同水稻品種糙米鎘含量

Abstract

「食安問題」隨著工業化快速發展及國民生活品質提升，日益受到社會大眾的關注，食米鎘含量超標事件時有所聞。本研究目的係評估全臺農地水稻鎘米產出風險區分布，可提供農政單位作為農作物監測管制調查時之參考資料。依據農試所提出之糙米鎘含量預測模式，彙整國內各鄉鎮農田土壤特性與稻米產量，以推估不同水稻品種鎘米產出量及其分布。研究結果發現，國內有16個鄉鎮屬秈稻、秈糯稻鎘米產出危害風險區，秈、糯稻年產量約1.6萬噸（佔全臺稻米總產量的1%），集中在宜蘭縣與彰化縣。彰化縣二水鄉屬稉稻鎘米產出危害風險區，稉稻年產量約0.8萬噸（佔全臺稻米總產量的0.5%），而宜蘭縣羅東鎮與臺中市潭子區屬於稉稻鎘米產出潛在風險區。統計水稻鎘米產出危害風險區產量，估計約可提供51萬國民食米量。本研究建議農政單位可參考本研究之鎘米產出風險區域，採取因應對策，作為食米安全風險管理重要參考依據。

Food safety issue gained more and more public concern when the living standard and quality of life improved in recent years. The purpose of this study was to estimate Cd content in rice grown in Taiwan and plot the distribution map of the high risk areas as to provide a basic reference for decision making of agricultural authorities. Based on the predictive model for Cd levels in brown rice developed by Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, the productivity and distribution areas of the high Cd rice in the various cultivar were estimated via analyzing soil characteristics and rice yields at towns in Taiwan. The results of this study was carried out that 16 towns were recognized as the serious risk areas of growing Indica and Hybrid Indica with high Cd, and their Indica,Glutinous rice yields were about 16 thousand tons per year (about 1 % of total rice yields in Taiwan) where located at Yilan and Changhua county. Ershui town in Changhua county was belong to the serious risk areas of growing Japonica rice with high Cd and its Japonica rice yields were about 8 thousand tons per year (about 0.5 % of total rice yields in Taiwan). Furthermore, Luodong town in Yilan and Tanzi District in Taichung were recognized as the potential risk areas of growing Japonica rice with high Cd. By this case study, the rice yields in serious risk areas of growing rice with high Cd was estimated about a quantity to provide the consumption of 510 thousand people per year in Taiwan. This study suggested that agricultural authorities could refer to the productivity and distribution areas of the high Cd rice from this study and further carry out the relative strategy to be an important reference of risk management for food safety.