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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 詹長權(Chang-Chuan Chan) | |
dc.contributor.author | Ruei-Hao Shie | en |
dc.contributor.author | 謝瑞豪 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-16T05:26:00Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2015-10-20 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2014-10-20 | |
dc.date.issued | 2014 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2014-08-14 | |
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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/56382 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 第一個研究由單一個空氣品質測站的監測資料,透過污染玫瑰圖(Pollution roses, PR)來評估二氧化硫(SO2)對於大型石化工業區工廠下風處鄉鎮之衝擊,污染玫瑰圖整合環保署空氣品質測站-臺西測站的小時SO2濃度平均值,該測站距離六輕工業區內二氧化硫(SO2)排放源約7.8-13.0公里。我們使用的污染玫瑰圖是以36方位作為區分,並依3個營運階段進行評估:營運期前期(1995-1999)和兩個階段的營運期(2000-2004及2005-2009),發現在臺西站二氧化硫(SO2)的第99百分位小時濃度,當風向來自於350°,也就是六輕工業區下風,濃度從營運前的28.9 ppb,在營運之後增加至86.2-324.2 ppb,。尤其是在第二階段營運期、風速在6-8公尺/秒下風處二氧化硫(SO2)濃度特別的高。本研究也發現二氧化硫(SO2)小時濃度只有在營運之後(2001年-2009年)會超過美國環保署(U.S. EPA)所制定75 ppb以健康為基礎的濃度標準,在0°-10°和330°-350°下風處總共有65個值超過標準值。用單一監測站的資料繪製成污染玫瑰圖,可以做為排放源對工業區附近空氣污染研究的重要工具,並且分析不同風速、每日時間和石化工業發展階段對污染變化影響。第二個研究由兩個測站空氣品質測站的監測資料,透過污染玫瑰圖(Pollution roses, PR)評估揮發性有機物對於大型石化工業區工廠下風處鄉鎮之影響。空氣品質監測站是接近六輕工業區,架設於麥寮海豐分校的移動站與臺西站固定站,兩個測站距離六輕工業區約3-5公里,以36方位的方式區分資料,監測時間分別為2009-2001年與2007-2013年。於六輕下風處的苯(Benzene)與甲苯(Toluene)濃度分別為3.26 ppb -5.27 ppb與10.26 ppb -8.26 ppb,風向分別來自300度-310度由六輕東邊吹到麥寮移動站與330度-340度由六輕工業區南邊吹向的臺西站。下風處所測得苯/甲苯比例(ratio) 在95-99百分位大於3,同時風速是10-23 m/s,氣象條件證明來自於六輕工業區的高風速風向,工業區所排放污染物就會傳送到監測點。利用兩個鄰近工業區監測站的監測資料所繪製的污染玫瑰圖,能夠用來評估工業區的污染源對監測點的貢獻。政府有關單位設置空氣品質監測站是用來管制記錄日常傳統空氣污染物之排放,但是無法完全適用進行石化工業意外大火所引起有害空氣污染物的排放監控。於2011年5月12日,本研究結合多種空氣監測系統,包括線上霍氏紅外線光譜儀、火焰離子氣相層析儀與離線式的氣相層析質譜儀,用來進行臺灣中部石化工業區火災期間與之後空氣中有害污染物監測,研究結果發現距離10公里起火點的下風處,測到空氣中由燃燒引起與石化工業有關而且濃度明顯高於一般狀態的氣態與微粒態污染物,包括1,2-二氯乙烷(1,2-dichloroethane)、氯乙烯單體(vinyl chloride monomer)和二氯甲烷(dichloromethane)。本研究同時以反軌跡與擴散模式進一步模擬來自於因大火停工的二十二座工廠排放高濃度有害空氣污染物,經由氣流帶到鄰近村落,證明以完整的空氣品質監測與反軌跡氣流模式能夠有效追蹤工業意外產生有害空氣的污染源。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | The first study used pollution roses to assess sulfur dioxide pollution in a township downwind of a large petrochemical complex based on data collected from a single air monitoring station. Our pollution roses summarized hourly sulfur dioxide concentrations at the Taishi air-quality monitoring station, located approximately 7.8-13.0 km south of the No. 6 Naphtha Cracking Complex in Taiwan, according to 36 sectors of wind direction during the pre-operational period (1995-1999) and two post-operational periods (2000-2004 and 2005-2009). The 99th percentile of hourly SO2 concentrations 350o downwind from the complex increased from 28.9 ppb in the pre-operational period to 86.2-324.2 ppb in the two post-operational periods. Downwind sulfur dioxide concentrations were particularly high during 2005-2009 at wind speeds of 6-8 m/s. Hourly sulfur dioxide levels exceeded the U.S. EPA health-based standard of 75 ppb only in the post-operational periods, with 65 exceedances from 0°-10° and 330°-350° downwind directions during 2001-2009. This study concluded that pollution roses based on a single monitoring station can be used to investigate source contributions to air pollution surrounding industrial complexes, and that it is useful to combine such directional methods with analyses of how pollution varies between different wind speeds, times of day, and periods of industrial development. The second study used pollution roses to assess volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pollution in townships neighboring a large petrochemical complex based on data collected from two air monitoring stations. Our pollution roses summarized hourly VOC concentrations from two photochemical air monitoring stations at Mailaio and Taishi Township, located approximately 3-5 km away from the No. 6 Naphtha Cracking Complex in Taiwan, according to 36 sectors of wind direction during 2009-2001 and 2007-2013. The 99th percentile of hourly concentrations of benzene and toluene downwind from the complex were 3.26 ppb - 5.27 ppb and 10.26 ppb - 8.82 ppb in two locations spanning from 300-310 degree to the east and from 330-340 degree to the sourth. Downwind benzene/toluene ratio were particularly high at wind speeds of 10-23 m/s, higher benzene/toluene ratio (> 3) were observed at 90-99 percentiles. When wind directions allow the pollutants transport from industrial area to the monitoring site, then high benzene/toluene ratio was observed. This study concluded that pollution roses based on two monitoring stations can be used to investigate source contributions to air pollution surrounding industrial complexes. Finally, the air monitors used by most regulatory authorities are designed to track the daily emissions of conventional pollutants and are not well suited for measuring hazardous air pollutants that are released from accidents such as refinery fires. By applying a wide variety of air-monitoring systems, including on-line Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector, and off-line gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for measuring hazardous air pollutants during and after a fire at a petrochemical complex in central Taiwan on May 12, 2011, we were able to detect significantly higher levels of combustion-related gaseous and particulate pollutants, refinery-related hydrocarbons, and chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as 1,2-dichloroethane, vinyl chloride monomer, and dichloromethane, inside the complex and 10 km downwind from the fire. Two back trajectories were calculated using 5-min average wind speed and direction to further confirm the high levels of hazardous air pollutants in the neighboring communities, which could be traced back to emissions from 22 plants that were shut down by the fire. This study demonstrates that hazardous air pollutants from industrial accidents can successfully be identified and traced back to their emission sources by applying a timely and comprehensive air-monitoring campaign and back trajectory air flow models. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-16T05:26:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-103-D94841009-1.pdf: 17534525 bytes, checksum: 93517519eb72e93cf353855371d8b852 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 口試委員會審定書 I
致 謝 II 目 錄 III 圖目錄 VI 表目錄 IX 中文摘要 X 英文摘要 XII 1. 前言 1 2. 材料與方法 3 2.1. 材料 3 2.1.1. 六輕工業區工廠產品與產能基本資料 3 2.1.2. 六輕工業區排放資料 5 2.1.3. 六輕工業區健康危害資料庫建立 8 2.1.4. 六輕工業區鄰近空氣品質監測網監測資料 16 2.1.4.1. 傳統一般空氣品質監測站 16 2.1.4.2. 光化學監測站 16 2.1.5. 六輕工業區2011年5月12日發生火災工安事件之影響調查 19 2.2. 方法 20 2.2.1. 地理資料庫系統 20 2.2.1.1. 六輕工業區地理資料庫系統建置 21 2.2.1.2. 六輕工業區二氧化硫排放源地理資料庫建置 22 2.2.1.3. 六輕工業區周界揮發性有機物監測點地理資料庫建置 25 2.2.1.4. 六輕工業區2011年5月12日大火受影響廠區地理資料庫建置 26 2.2.2. 加強空氣品質監測 28 2.2.2.1. 真空採樣桶於營運與火災下風區採樣以氣相層析質譜儀分析 28 2.2.2.2. 環保署光化學5號監測車 30 2.2.2.3. 開徑式霍式紅外線光譜儀於下風處崙豐國小監測 30 2.2.3. 資料統計方法 31 2.2.3.1. 單一測站時序變化百分位污染玫瑰圖 32 2.2.3.2. 兩個監測站空間變化百分位污染玫瑰圖與濃度風速風向濃度極座標圖 33 2.2.3.3. 量化二氧化硫與氮氧化物時間空間長期濃度趨勢分析 33 2.2.4. 意外事件氣流軌跡計算與模擬 34 3. 結果 35 3.1. 六輕石化工業區營運排放之硫氧化物與氮氧化物對於周遭社區空氣品質影響 35 3.1.1. 臺西與麥寮空氣品質監測站描述性統計分析 35 3.1.1.1. 臺西監測站1996-2013年氣象統計分析結果 35 3.1.1.2. 麥寮監測站2011-2013年氣象統計分析結果 38 3.1.1.3. 臺西監測站二氧化硫與氮氧化物描述性統計分析結果 40 3.1.1.4. 麥寮監測站二氧化硫與氮氧化物描述性統計分析結果 41 3.1.2. 臺西空氣品質監測站二氧化硫與氮氧化物時序分析 41 3.1.2.1. 臺西監測站二氧化硫六輕營運前後差異分析 43 3.1.2.2. 臺西監測站氮氧化物六輕營運前後差異分析 44 3.1.2.3. 臺西監測站二氧化硫六輕工業區營運前後時間空間量化分析 46 3.1.2.4. 臺西監測站氮氧化物六輕工業區營運前後時間空間量化分析 47 3.1.2.5. 臺西監測站分析六輕工業區營運前後二氧化硫對周界影響 48 3.2. 六輕石化工業區營運排放揮發性有機污染物對於周遭社區空氣品質影響 57 3.2.1. 臺西光化站與麥寮國小海豐分校移動監測車揮發性有機物分析結果 57 3.2.1.1. 臺西光化站六種指標污染物與氣象資料統計分析結果 59 3.2.1.2. 麥寮國小海豐分校光化監測車六種指標污染物與氣象資料統計分析結果 61 3.2.1.3. 臺西光化站與麥寮國小海豐分校光化監測車六種指標污染物來源分析 64 3.2.2. 六輕工業區鄰近鄉鎮揮發性有機物環境採樣與分析結果 70 3.3. 六輕石化工業區意外排放對於周遭社區空氣品質的分析結果 74 3.3.1. 空氣品質監測網監測燃燒有關的空氣污染物 75 3.3.2. 光化學測站分析煉油相關的碳氫化物分析 77 3.3.3. 真空不銹鋼桶氣相層析質譜儀與開徑式霍式紅外線光譜儀分析結果 79 3.3.4. 有害空氣污染物軌跡移動 81 4. 討論 83 4.1. 六輕石化工業區營運排放硫氧化物與氮氧化物對於周遭社區空氣品質影響 83 4.2. 六輕石化工業區營運排放揮發性有機污染物對於周遭社區空氣品質影響 89 4.3. 六輕石化工業區意外排放有害空氣污染物對於周遭社區空氣品質影響 96 4.4. 六輕石化工業區營運與意外排放有害空氣污染物對周遭社區民眾健康影響 97 4.5. 本研究之研究限制 98 5. 結論 100 5.1. 單一空氣品質監測站用於石化工業區周遭社區二氧化硫的評估 100 5.2. 兩個空氣品質監測站與採樣用於石化工業區周遭社區揮發性有機物的評估 100 5.3. 既有與加強空氣品質監測技術於火災的排放調查評估 101 5.4. 六輕工業區排放有害空氣污染物對對於周遭社區健康潛在影響 102 6. 建議 103 7. 參考文獻 106 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 六輕石化工業區營運及意外排放對於周遭社區空氣品質的影響評估 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Assessing Air Quality Impacts in the Surrounding Areas of the No. 6 Naphtha Cracking Complex during Operations and Accidents | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 102-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 吳章甫(Chang-Fu Wu),王家麟(Jia-Lin Wang),許惠悰(Hui-Tsung Hsu),林文印(Wen-Yinn Lin) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 石化工業,污染玫瑰圖,有害空氣污染物,二氧化硫,揮發性有機物, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | petrochemical industry,pollution rose,hazardous air pollutants,sulfur dioxide,volatile organic compounds, | en |
dc.relation.page | 111 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2014-08-14 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 公共衛生學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 職業醫學與工業衛生研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 職業醫學與工業衛生研究所 |
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