攻勢現實主義與美國東亞再平衡政策

Abstract

檢視攻勢現實主義與再平衡政策的關係，攻勢現實主義能夠說明再平衡政策施行的動機，並驗證因為潛在霸權的挑戰，促使既有霸權要維護霸權所採取的策略。惟理論本身對於權力追求的最大化及維持現狀的界線模糊，並且對於霸權的定義也與美國現況不符。 再平衡政策的內涵及施行樣貌多元，由於美國的外交政策往往採取既清楚又模糊的策略，因此攻勢現實主義雖然無法完整予以解釋，但在目前的結構現實主義中，卻能適用於霸權作為之分析理論基礎。同時現實主義不是沒落，而是方興未艾，根據再平衡政策的內容，當霸權開始對其所擁有之權力產生危機時，會在區域內採取攻勢而不是守勢，以維護霸權的國家利益，因此攻勢現實主義確實能做為檢驗美國再平衡政策施行動機及作為的理論

Reviewing the relationship between the Offensive Realism and U.S. rebalancing policy, discovers that Offensive Realism can explain the motivation of rebalancing policy’s implementation. Also examine the challenges of potential hegemony which prompting the hegemony to maintain the power. However, the boundary of the theory itself to the pursuit of power maximize and maintain the status quo are not clear. The theory itself lacks explanations for both the status of hegemony and how the continuation of the policy of hegemony. Rebalancing policy faces diverse dominations, due to American foreign policy tend to adopt both clear and vague strategy, so Offensive Realism not fully be explained, but in the current structure of realism can apply to the hegemony as the analysis theoretical foundation. The realism is not decline, but ascendant. According to the rebalancing policy, when the crisis began to produce hegemonic powers of its own, it will take the offensive strategy rather than defensive strategy in the region for maintain the national interest and the stage of hegemony. Therefore, Offensive Realism as a test of the theory can partly explain the rebalancing policy’s motivation and act.