家庭相關因素與性騷擾受害經驗之存活分析

Abstract

背景：2017年底所爆發的「#metoo」反性侵害與性騷擾運動引發各界關注，使性騷擾、性暴力議題再度受到大眾關心。在台灣，性騷擾及性侵害案件層出不窮，根據教育部學生事務及特殊教育司的統計資料顯示，過去十年疑似校園性騷擾通報件數巨幅上升，然而過去探討青少年性騷擾受害情形與家庭相關因素的研究多在歐美國家進行，台灣對於青少年性騷擾的研究仍較少，針對家庭相關因素進行探討的比重更是低。 目的與方法：本研究目的在瞭解13至22歲個人性騷擾受害經驗與家庭相關因素之關係，家庭相關因素包含「家庭結構因素（父母教育程度、家庭收入及家庭組成）」及「家庭互動因素（家庭互動程度及父母支持程度）」。本研究利用「兒童與青少年行為之長期發展研究」（Child and Adolescent Behaviors in Long-term Evolution，簡稱CABLE計畫）進行次級資料分析，使用2007至2016年第一世代之自填問卷，及2002至2005年父母問卷資料，排除遺漏個案後，最終納入共2,688人。本研究使用SPSS 25.0統計軟體，並以存活分析進行統計分析。 結果：本研究以「有人曾經故意摸你的大腿、胸部、屁股或尿尿的地方（下體）嗎？」作為性騷擾被害經驗之測量指標。研究結果發現，研究樣本初次發生性騷擾受害行為之時間存在顯著的性別差異，男性發生被身體觸摸的機率顯著高於女性，且當男生年紀越大，其出現初次性騷擾受害經驗的可能性較女生高；非雙親家庭之研究樣本有50%回覆有性騷擾受害經驗，其機率比來自雙親家庭之學生高，但差異並未達顯著水準。在家庭相關因素的長期平均影響力方面，除了性別差異以外，居住地區為新竹縣（鄉村）的研究樣本出現性騷擾受害的相對風險比居住地區為台北市（都市）研究樣本低；在家庭結構因素中，非雙親家庭之學生初次性騷擾受害的可能性較高，而父母支持為保護因子，意即當父母支持程度愈高，研究樣本初次性騷擾受害的風險相對愈低。另外，家庭收入及父母雙方的教育程度則在本研究中並未發現與研究樣本之性騷擾受害有統計上的顯著關係。 建議：依據本研究結果提出以下研究與政策建議：1. 未來可嘗試探討納入更多家庭相關因素，如父母是否失業、家庭內是否有暴力行為的出現等。 2. 探討其他種類性騷擾行為與家庭相關因素之關係，如言語性騷擾及非肢體性騷擾等其他形式性騷擾概念。 3. 加強性別平等教育並嚴格落實性騷擾防治之法令政策，在建構性別友善學校環境的同時，亦需明確讓學生知道何為性騷擾，以及面對性騷擾受害有哪些求助的管道。 4. 台灣性騷擾數據統計應更加完善，使未來針對性騷擾議題進行探討時有更完整的資料可供分析與討論。

The #MeToo movement is a movement against sexual harassment and sexual assault, which began to spread virally in 2017. In Taiwan, where sexual harassment and assault cases continue to emerge, the number of reports of suspected sexual harassment on campus has increased dramatically in the past decade, which shows that we need to pay more attention to the harm caused by sexual harassment. The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between the personal experience of sexual harassment victimization of 13 to 22 years old and family-related factors, including family structure factors (parents' education level, family income, and family structure) and family interaction factors (family interaction level and parents' support level). A total of 2,688 children were included in the secondary data analysis using the Child and Adolescent Behaviors in Long-term Evolution (CABLE) project. Survival analysis and Extended Cox Model were used in the statistical analysis. The study was led by the question, 'Has anyone ever intentionally touched your thigh, chest, buttocks or your intimate part?', as a measure of sexual harassment experience. The results show that there is a significant gender difference in the time of the first sexual harassment victimization, which male students are higher than the female students, and the older the male students are, the more likely they are to have the first sexual harassment victimization experience. 50% of students from non-two-parent families reported sexual harassment victimization, and they tend to have higher rates of sexual harassment victimization than students from two-parent families, but the difference was not significant. In terms of the long-term average influence of family-related factors, results show that the relative risk of sexual harassment victimization of female students is lower than that of male students, and students living in Hsinchu is lower than those living in Taipei. Students from non-two-parent families are more likely to suffer sexual harassment victimization, and parental support function as a protection factor, which means that the higher the level of parental support, the lower the risk of sexual harassment. In this study, we also found that the family income and the education level of both parents were not correlated with the sexual harassment victimization. Four suggestions are proposed based on the research results: 1. More family-related factors can be included in the future. 2. Explore the relationship between other types of sexual harassment and family-related factors, such as verbal and non-physical harassment. 3. Strengthen education related to the prevention of sexual harassment and strictly implement relevant laws and policies. Only by following the Gender Equity Education Act, punishing those who commit misconduct, can we build an safe educational environment. 4. The statistics of sexual harassment in Taiwan should be more comprehensive.