中國半導體產業的崛起

Abstract

半導體產業已經存在60年以上，而現在，我們從摸到的或看到的電子產品，例如手機，電腦，監視器，家電等等，都內藏著很多顆的IC晶片。半導體產業一直以來跟隨著市場的IC需求，而市場需求的成長與改變導致此產業持續擴張，伴隨著科技進步和創新去滿足市場需求。中國目前為世界第二大的經濟體，也是IC晶片消耗量最大的國家。由於中國想轉型成為世界第一大的IC出產國，這個野心也造成對美國的威脅，而因此在2018年引發了貿易戰。中國在過去30年的成長極快，經濟的成長率平均落在6%左右，而中國在半導體產業也從1950年至今持續成長。經由策略規劃，中國已在IC設計，製作，封裝，和測試領域上占有一席之地。在本篇研究當中，會分析什麼樣的策略形態能在半導體產業上生存，以及中國如何制定策略來縮短與領先企業之間的能力差距。中國半導體產業也已經慢慢的轉型，例如把國營企業轉為私營企業，以及從抄襲仿冒成為新創大國。中國很有可能超越美國成為世界最大的經濟體，但在半導體產業，中國需更長的時間才能跟上台灣和美國。

The semiconductor industry has existed for over 60 years. Everything we see and touch nowadays, such as computers, mobiles, security, appliances, and consumer products consist of integrated devices called ICs. Throughout the years, semiconductor growth has been driven by the market demand. The increasing growth of demand speeds up technological innovation or disruption, causing the industry to continuously evolve in order to accommodate the demand. China, being the 2nd largest economy in the world, takes up the largest percentage of semiconductor consumption in the world. Its ambition in becoming the world’s semiconductor leader posed a threat to the US and ignited the trade war in 2018. Over the past 30 years or so, the China’s economy has accelerated exponentially, with an average growth rate of 6%. China has a long history in the semiconductor industry, starting in the late 1950’s. Through long-term strategic planning, China is able to establish a foothold in IC design, wafer manufacturing, and packaging and testing. This paper is an analysis of a study regarding the strategic pattern used to survive in the semiconductor industry and how Chinese firms strategized to close the gap from other global leaders. China’s semiconductor industry has gradually gone through the transformation from government-owned to privately owned enterprises, and from copycat culture to #1 patent filer. China could possibly overtake the economy in the US, becoming the largest in the world. However, in terms of the semiconductor sector, China may require a longer time to catch up with Taiwan and the US.