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標題: | 家務勞動者的傳承與再製:婆婆媽媽的影響 The reproduction of homemaker: The mother and mother-in-law effect |
作者: | Ting-Syuan Lin 林庭萱 |
指導教授: | 蘇國賢(Kuo-Hsien Su) |
關鍵字: | 婦女勞動參與,婆婆,媽媽,性別角色示範, female labor force participation,mother,mother-in-law,role modeling, |
出版年 : | 2014 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 過去研究已婚婦女的勞動參與時,多從家庭經濟需求、家庭照護需求,以及女性本身的人力資本出發。相關研究著眼經濟和照顧等實際需求,卻未關注重要他人是否影響女性就業的選擇。特別是對女性來說,婚後等於重新進入新的生活環境,面對新的身份及其因應的文化規範,而這些文化規範的重要傳遞者往往是母親和婆婆,因此需要同時考量母親與婆婆對女性就業的影響力,才能理解女性婚後離職的可能原因。
從Del Boca, Locatelli and Pasqua (2000)和Fernandez(2004)的研究發現母親與婆婆的職業身分比起丈夫收入更能夠有效預測已婚女性是否外出工作。美國研究尚且如此,那在家庭關係更加密切的台灣,婆婆與媽媽到底會不會影響媳婦的工作選擇? 為回答此問題,本研究採用「華人家庭動態資料庫」的資料,利用多元邏輯迴歸模型(multinomial logistic regression model)探究母親與婆婆的職業是否影響已婚女性婚後退出勞動市場。 結果發現:比起45-56年間出生的女性,其他世代出生的女兒,若僅有母親為家務勞動者,則婚前沒工作的機會較大,婚後離開職場的機會也較大,這種母親為家務勞動者對女兒的影響不因世代變遷而改變。不過,這種母親的家務勞動者角色示範效果,會隨著女兒教育程度提升而減弱。若僅有婆婆為家務勞動者,則婆婆會傾向挑選婚前就沒有工作的女性成為媳婦;同時,媳婦婚後受到家務勞動者婆婆傳統性別角色壓力影響,離開職場的機會會提高,但媳婦婚後離職的機會會隨著自身教育程度提高而降低,顯示媳婦的教育程度越高,更有能力抵抗婆婆要求離開職場的壓力。而且婆婆為家務勞動者的影響力隨著世代減弱,如今更無法要求媳婦婚後離開職場。 Previous Studies in labor force participation of married women mainly focus on the linkages among the needs of finance, care, and labor capitals for their own family. However, the studies ignored the non-economic factors, especially the fact that married women need to adapt her new identity, role model transition, and traditional cultural norms play an important role in influencing career path. Without taking cultural norms effects on career path of married women into consideration, it could not depict the whole picture of married women employment. My study aims at analysis on the relationship between cultural norms affects the married women employment and career path. Assuming that the culture norm inheritance in the family is via the medium, Mother or Mother-in-Law which play important role in gender modeling, my studies hypothesize that “Mother or Mother-in-Law” influences “Married Women Employment”. According to Del Boca, Locatelli and Pasqua (2000), both the mother and mother-in-law are significant determinants of whether a son’s wife works. And Fernandez (2004) indicated that occupation of mother or mother-in-law has more significant level than husband income level on predict married women labor participation. On the basis of the studies from US and Europe, my study would like to deeply research if labor force participation of mother and mother-in-law affect married women’s employment decision in Taiwan. The analysis of this paper is based on multinomial logistic regression model with data from the Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PSFD). First significant finding add to the evidence that women are more likely to stay outside of the labor market when she was single and to resign after married if one of her own mother or mother-in-law was a house-maker. Second finding is that the influence from mother doesn’t weaken over time while the one from mother-in-law does fade gradually from generation to generation. Third finding is the interaction between women’s education as well as the existence of working experience of mother and mother-in-law is significant determinants of married women to leave from their employment. With the enhancement in the level of education, women are more likely to work before married and to keep employment after married. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/55579 |
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