B型肝炎表面抗體陰性者疫苗注射之預防性健康行為及其相關因素探討—以台北市某大學部一年級新生為例

Abstract

本研究採用橫斷性方式，探討102學年度台北市某大學部一年級新生其健康檢查結果為B型肝炎表面抗體陰性並且符合疫苗注射條件者，對於B型肝炎及其疫苗的認知、健康信念、行動線索、與肝炎預防性健康行為之間的關係。利用立意取樣共收案158位受試者，並以自擬結構式問卷蒐集資料，將受試者分為：接受疫苗注射組71位（45%）及拒絕疫苗注射組87位（55%），再運用電腦統計軟體SPSS 18.0分析資料，方法包括：描述性統計、卡方檢定、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、事後檢定（Scheffe或Tamhane）、皮爾森積差相關、及邏輯斯迴歸分析等，經由研究結果可得知： 一、 B型肝炎及其疫苗的知識平均答對率為69%；B型肝炎健康信念標準化得分指標為70.26，態度趨於正向；肝炎預防性健康行為標準化得分指標為73.80，執行肝炎預防性健康行為的把握介於中上程度。 二、 年齡愈低、女性，執行肝炎預防性健康行為之把握程度愈高；生農醫學類科學院的B型肝炎認知與罹患性感知較高，但執行肝炎預防性健康行為的把握程度較低。 三、 B型肝炎及其疫苗的知識愈高，罹患性感知與行動線索得分愈高，接受疫苗注射的可能性愈高；行動線索得分愈高，對B型肝炎及其疫苗的態度愈正向，相對地障礙程度愈低。 四、 B型肝炎認知與B型肝炎健康信念兩者能預測疫苗注射之預防性健康行為。 希望本研究能作為大專院校推廣B型肝炎相關衛生教育之參考，以增進青少年對B型肝炎疾病的瞭解，進而結合社區功能，並落實正確的衛生觀念於社會大眾。

In this study, by using cross-sectional methods to examine awareness, health beliefs, action cues, and hepatitis preventive health behaviors related to hepatitis B and vaccine among freshmen who are Anti-HBs negative and compliance with vaccination conditions in university in Taipei city. There are 158 participants divided into two groups: agreed(71 participants, 45%) and refused(87 participants, 55%) for data collection in questionnaires by purposive sampling. Data was analyzed via computer statistical software SPSS 18.0, the method included: descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe’s posterior or Tamhane’s posterior comparison, Pearson’s correlation, and logistic regression. The major results of this study were as follows: 1. The average correct rate of hepatitis B and vaccine knowledge was 69%. The standardized score index of hepatitis B health beliefs was 70.26, the attitude toward positive. The standardized score index of hepatitis preventive health behaviors was 73.80, the confidence level between the middle and upper. 2. The lower the age, woman, the higher the confidence level of hepatitis preventive health behaviors. Biological, agriculture, and medicine related college students had more awareness and perceived susceptibility of hepatitis B, but had lower the confidence level of hepatitis preventive health behaviors. 3. The higher the knowledge of hepatitis B and vaccine, the more the score of perceived susceptibility and action cues, and the higher the possibility of vaccination. The higher the score of action cues, the attitude toward hepatitis B and vaccination will be more positive, and the lower the level of barriers relatively. 4. The awareness and health beliefs of hepatitis B were the significant predictors. The researcher hope that this study can be as reference in universities to promote health education of hepatitis B, enlarge knowledge of hepatitis B disease among adolescents, and combine with community functions to implement proper health concepts in the people.