環境因子對紅藻絲狀體之生長條件探討

Abstract

紅藻的絲狀體可為果孢子萌發而來（如頭髮菜屬），以及分離自葉片髓部之偽薄壁組織的絲狀組織（如海索麵目），本實驗室以絲狀體作為提取藻體內容物（藻膽蛋白）之原料，在操作上具有較簡便之優勢，因此，藉由測試不同環境條件（如溫度、光照強度、光週期及鹽度等），來探討三種紅藻絲狀體（頭髮菜、壇紫菜、蠕枝藻）的生長情形以及藻膽蛋白的含量差異以培養絲狀體而生產藻粉。由實驗結果可知在適宜的生長條件下，三種紅藻絲狀體之生長速率與生長密度會隨著溫度上升而上升，又以25℃為較佳的培養條件，然而當溫度上升至30℃時，絲狀體的生長便產生影響，使其最後收穫之密度下降，且藻體色素也明顯變淡。光照強度的影響也因不同藻種而異，頭髮菜絲狀體較適合於低光照（40μE/m2/s）下培養，壇紫菜卻在高光照（120μE/m2/s）下生長較佳，蠕枝藻在所設定的光照範圍培養下，其生長表現無顯著的差異，除壇紫菜絲狀體外，另外兩種絲狀體之生長密度皆隨著光照強度上升而下降。光照週期的結果可知24小時照光有助於縮短絲狀體的養成時間，故於養殖過程中增加光照時間，使其在短時間內達到一定的密度。鹽度的實驗結果發現到頭髮菜及蠕枝藻對鹽度的耐受性較廣，各組之生長密度及藻體色素變化皆無顯著差異，而壇紫菜以接近海水鹽度（35‰）為適宜培養的條件。總體而言，屬於組織培養的蠕枝藻絲狀體其生長速率和生長密度皆比孢子萌發的絲狀體高，相對較具有培養上的優勢，評估此三種紅藻絲狀體的生長狀況後，期望未來能於臺灣的露天環境下養殖，以生產藻粉作後續應用。

The filament are derived from spore germination（Bangiacean）, and isolated from the pseudoparenchymatous of the of pith leaves（Nemaliales）. In our laboratory, We extracted the algae contents（phycobiliproteins）from filamentous stage that it is more convenient. So this study tested the growth and phycobiliprotein content of three filamentous（Bangia fuscopurpurea, Pyropia haitanensis, Helminthocladia australis）under different environment factors that it can culture filamentous to produce the algae powder（Such as temperature, light intensity, photoperiod, and salinity）. In the experimental results, the three species of red filaments have a higher growth rate and growth density as the temperature rises that it is under the appropriate growth condition. The best culture condition is 25℃. However the algae grew poorly at 30℃. The final biomass was very little. The algae pigment was also affected significantly. And light intensity also has different effects on each of the algae species. There are higher growth rate of the conchocelis of B. fuscopurpurea in the low light intensity（40μE/m2/s）, while P. haitanensis grew better under the high light intensity（120μE/m2/s）. H. australis is no significant differences in growth of the setting light range. Aside from P. haitanensis, the growth density is increased when the light intensity is decreased. The results of the light cycle that it can help the filament shorten the culture time by increasing the light time. Increasing light source in the breeding process can reach higher density in a shorter period of time. For salinity, B. fuscopurpurea and H. australis are more wider tolerance to salinity. And there were no significant of the growth density and algae color. However, P. haitanensis is more appropriate when it culture near the sea salinity（35‰）. Overall, belonging to the tissue culture of filamentous of H. australis has higher growth rate and growth density than the spore germination of conchocelis. It also has relatively advantageous when cultured in the outdoors. After evaluating the growth conditions of three red algae filment in the laboratory, we expected that it has able to culture in the open－air environment of Taiwan in the future. it will can be produce the algae powder as the raw material for the subsequent application.