組織文化與員工工作態度及績效之關聯－以領導風格為調節變項

Abstract

本研究旨在探討組織文化與領導風格對於工作後果之影響，並進一步探討領導風格是否可以調節組織文化與工作後果之關聯，本研究以Wallach（1983）所提出之「科層型文化」、「創新型文化」與「支持型文化」三種組織文化，以及Burns（1978）提出之「交易型領導」與「轉換型領導」為自變項，探討對「組織承諾」、「工作滿意」與「工作績效」三個工作後果變項的影響，並探討「交易型領導」與「轉換型領導」是否具有調節作用。 本研究以台灣地區某一公司之員工為樣本，進行結構性問卷的施測，採分層等機率三階段抽樣法，總計回收共663份有效問卷。採用階層迴歸分析，研究結果發現：「科層型文化」及「創新型文化」與員工的「工作滿意」有顯著的正向關聯，「支持型文化」與員工的「組織承諾」及「工作滿意」有顯著的正向關聯；「交易型領導」與員工的「工作滿意」有顯著的正向關聯，「轉換型領導」與員工的「組織承諾」及「工作滿意」有顯著的正向關聯；最後，在調節效果作用上，「交易型領導」會強化「科層型文化」和「工作滿意」間的正向關聯，並弱化「創新型文化」及「支持型文化」和「組織承諾」間的正向關聯，「轉換型領導」會強化「科層型文化」、「創新型文化」及「支持型文化」和「工作滿意」間的正向關聯，以及「創新型文化」及「支持型文化」和「組織承諾」間的正向關聯。 據此，研究者建議企業應塑造符合自身需求及條件的強文化，透過合適的工作環境以正面提升員工工作態度，而由於領導風格以「轉換型領導」具有較全面的正向效果，因此建議領導者可多加運用之，同時，領導者尚需在不同組織文化之下，採用不同類型之領導風格，以提升員工工作態度。

The aim of the present study is to explore the influence of corporate culture and leadership styles on work results – employee’s work attitudes and job performance. In addition, we also examined the moderating effects of leadership styles on the relationships between corporate culture and work results. This study uses bureaucratic culture, innovative culture and supportive culture raised by Wallach (1983) as the types of culture discussed, and transactional leadership and transformational leadership posed by Burns (1978) as the leadership styles. Using structured questionnaires, we collected data from 663 employees from one single organization in Taiwan. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that both corporate culture and leadership styles had positive effects on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Furthermore, leadership styles partly moderated the relationship between corporate culture and employee’s work attitudes and job performance. In the era of competitive business environment and the flourishing of humanism, companies pay close attention to not only performance but also employee’s work attitudes. Corporate culture and leadership styles make vital contribution to the elevation of work results. Consequently, companies are advised to build their own culture which fits strategies. Leaders are advised to utilize more on transformational leadership and also change their styles under different culture environment.