父母移轉金、打工行為與學業成績之研究

Abstract

高等教育學生在學之勞動供給行為在今日社會裡已相當普遍，造成此高比例之在學勞動行為的因素為何？其中父母對小孩之移轉支出行為是否會對此勞動行為造成影響？此勞動行為又會對學業成績造成何種影響？鑒於此，本文使用中央研究院社會所之「青少年成長歷程研究」(Taiwan Youth Project，簡稱TYP)之國一(J1)與國三(J3)合併資料檢驗影響大一學生之勞動供給行為的因素與此勞動供給行為對學業成績的影響效果，其中在影響因素上以父母移轉作為主要關注的自變數。 在實證分析上，因考量內生性問題的存在因而分別採用具內生性二元變數之Probit模型、具內生性二元變數之Tobit模型、Probit-OLS及Tobit-OLS進行估計。實證結果顯示，父母有移轉支出對勞動參與之機率及工作時間皆造成顯著的負面影響；勞動供給行為對學業成績之實證結果則指出，若以勞動參與來衡量，則對成績沒有顯著影響，若以工作時間來衡量，則工作時間增加會對學業成績造成顯著的負面影響，若不考量內生性僅以傳統之OLS估計會低估此負面效果。

The labor supply behaviors of high educated students has been quietly prevalent in today’s society. What are the factors causing that high percentage of in school part-time work behaviors? Will parental transfer make any effect on that? And what impact will it cause on academic performances? In view of this , we use the data of Taiwan Youth Project made by Institute of Sociology , Academia Sinica to try to find out the factors of freshman’s part-time work behaviors and what kind of impact will that behaviors cause on academic performances. Especially ,we focus on the effect of parental transfers on part-time work behaviors. Because of the consideration of endogeneity , we use bivariate Probit with instrumental variables ,Tobit with instrumental variables model ,Probit-OLS,and Tobit-OLS model for empirical analysis. The empirical results show that parental transfer causes significant negative impact both on labor force participation and working hours. The labor force participation can’t make any significant impact although the increase of working hours causes significant negative impact on academic performances. In contrast , if we don’t think about the endogeneity, the negative impact will be underestimated by OLS.