台灣中小企業出口成功方程式關鍵因素之探討

Abstract

半個多世紀來，中小企業對台灣的經濟發展與社會安定，扮演著非常重要的角色。占全國企業98%的中小企業，每年貢獻台灣六成GDP，並提供75%左右的就業機會，是出口型經濟的台灣所不可或缺的。但，面對後WTO的衝擊，FTA談判未果等出口不確定性增高，中小企業出口貢獻於1980年代達到高峰後，逐年下滑，目前已少於總出口的15%。中小企業的經營者，急需為眼前困境找出解答。 以往中小企業研究，多半聚焦在某個經營環節。為摒除見樹不見林的潛在問題，本文研究者用通盤的企業經營觀點，探討中小企業出口的關鍵課題，包括：中小企業如何彌補先天上資金短少、商業風險管理意識不足，國際物流運輸成本過高、貨物安全、海關規範知識加強、行銷通路有限、電子商務格局無法壯大及品牌意識無法抬頭等阻礙。 所以在此次研究當中的研究對象包括跨國集團美商鄧白氏 (Dun & Bradstreet)在2014年所評選的「台灣千大中小企業菁英獎」得主，從這些出口表現績優的台灣企業，找尋出口成功的關鍵因素，進而發展具台灣特色的「中小企業出口成功方程式」。 本文最後提出中小企業競爭力的全新思維，對台灣的產、官、學皆具參考價值，是後續中小企業研究的全新起點，也是官方政策白皮書的重要知識基礎。

For the last half a century, Taiwan’s small and mid-sized businesses (SMB) have played an indispensible role in growing the national economy as well as stabilizing the society. Representing 98 percent of the private sector, the SMBs contribute about 60 percent of national GDP and 75 percent of the employment. However, during the last two decades, negative impacts including tariffs offsetting from post-WTO Era, as well as FTAs signed between competing countries, resulting in the record lows of export contribution from SMBs. The questions remain as to how SMBs can re-strengthen for the nation’s future prosperity. Studies on SMBs in the past are found to fall into the tendency of leaning on one particular issue or subject matter, instead of a comprehensive review of the business. Such preference, in general, prevents us from seeing the woods for the trees. In an effort to create a holistic view, this study postulates several management issues in Taiwan’s SMBs who are also exporters, including financing, logistics, brand marketing, and digital marketplace, and conduct a survey on how decision makers regard those resources. The respondents include “D&B Elite SME” winners, which provided resounding example for making sense of a successful export business. The analysis that followed helps indicate what this research called “export value net” for Taiwan’s exporters. In conclusion, this study should be recognized as a pioneering attempt at a new paradigm on SMB research. The findings also provide valuable reference for Taiwan’s policy makers and industry heavy-weights, for those are empowered to help chart a brand new future for SMBs venturing into global competitions.