一家人？異邦人？陸生來台的制度框架與國族劃界

Abstract

本研究針對在台灣就讀高等教育的中國大陸學位生，探討陸生政策與日常生活互動經驗如何影響與重塑其國族認同。透過訪談23位陸生以及新聞媒體與立法院公報等次級資料分析，本研究發現「矛盾的再疆域化」陸生政策視陸生為「國民」，卻又將其放在比「外國學生」更差的位置，此種制度劃界邏輯不僅產生許多非預期的負面後果，也強化陸生與當地社會的區隔與「大陸人」認同。而在日常生活互動中，本研究闡釋陸生如何在台灣與中國論述網絡裡透過認同敘事來指認我群與他群間的差異，並且透過各種實作來協商與台生或台灣人間的社會距離與國族認同。本研究指出陸生主要有三種認同劃界類型：（1）強調陸生與當地人之間的區隔也認為兩岸同屬一個中國，常見於受陸生政策剝奪嚴重與不認同「小確幸」文化慣習的研究所陸生。（2）多數陸生雖指認出與台生明顯差異卻仍努力融入當地，亦強調兩岸同屬一個中國。不過，上海陸生與自我認同為「小確幸」者則傾向認為兩岸學生沒有差別。（3）傾向融入當地，對兩岸國家定位無明確看法或是認為兩岸分屬不同國家，見於弱的大中國意識形態陸生或受到親密關係的影響。本研究要強調「矛盾的再疆域化」陸生政策與日常生活的歧視經驗，會將陸生推向第一種類型甚至是出現「仇台派」，這對台灣社會而言是相當不利的現象。

This study focuses on Mainland Chinese students participating in degree programs of higher education in Taiwan, and explains how policies on Mainland Chinese students and their daily life experiences in Taiwan affect and reshape their national identity. By analyzing the interview response of 23 Mainland Chinese students and secondary data including news reports and the Legislative Yuan Gazette, policies on Mainland Chinese students, embodying ‘contradictory reterritorialization’, see Mainland Chinese students as “citizens”, but regard them as inferior to foreign students. This boundary-work institution not only causes numerous negative consequences, but also widens the gap between Mainland Chinese students and local communities, and further strengthens their identity of ‘Mainlanders’. Secondly, this study discusses in daily interactions, how Mainland Chinese students use narratives in webs of discourses of Taiwan and China to identify the difference between ‘us’ and ‘them’, and negotiate national identity and social distance between themselves and Taiwan students. This study defines three types of boundary-work: (1) stressing the difference between Mainland Chinese students and local students, and believing in the One-China Principle, commonly seen in graduate Mainland Chinese students who are heavily exploited by the policies and disagree with the “a little happiness” cultural habitus; (2) most Mainland Chinese students identify the stark difference between themselves and local students, but they still endeavor to blend in while supporting the One-China Principle. However, students from Shanghai as well as those practicing “a little happiness” cultural habitus consider themselves no different from local students; (3) likely to integrate into local communities, taking no certain view on cross-strait relations, or considering both sides to be two different states, commonly seen in Mainland Chinese students adopting weak Chinese nationalism, or affected by intimate relationship. This study argues that policies embodying ‘contradictory reterritorialization’ and discrimination in daily life experiences would result in an increase of the first type of students, and even trigger anti-Taiwan sentiments, which is detrimental to the Taiwan society.